3.  Do Now : How do your cells get the organic material needed to fuel cellular respiration? ◦ Provide an example (What did you eat for lunch?)  Homework : Castle learning assignment

4. When an organism takes in & processes materials needed for energy, growth, repair and regulation

5. AUTOTROPH & HETEROTROPH

6.  “ Self-feeders”  Organisms that make their own food from inorganic molecules taken in from the environment.  Examples: plants & algae

7. Photosynthesis: use light energy to make organic substances Ex.) plants and algae Chemosynthesis: use inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen to make food Ex.) deep sea plants and organisms

8.  Organisms that must ingest organic materials already made in the environment. ◦ Ex.) Humans, fungi grasshopper, animals

9.  Ingestion: take IN food  Digestion: breakdown of food  Absorption: uptake of matter  Egestion: removal of undigested food

10.  INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION: digestion occurs inside cells of organisms Ex. Animals EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION: digestion 1 st occurs outside cells then brought inside cells Ex. Fungi, Hydra

13. 1. Which organism is classified as a heterotroph? a.) mushroom b.) maple tree c.) geranium d.) moss

14. 2. Which life process is classified as autotrophic in some organisms and heterotrophic in other organisms? a) hormonal regulation b) nutrition c) anaerobic respiration d) transport

15. 3. A word equation is shown below.  This reaction is most directly involved in the process of a) reproduction b) protein synthesis c) replication d) heterotrophic nutrition

16. a) ingestion → digestion → absorption → egestion b) digestion → absorption → ingestion → egestion c) digestion → egestion → ingestion → absorption d) ingestion → absorption → digestion → egestion

17. Do Now : Regent question Homework: Castle learning

18. DO NOW:

19.  Breaks down the food you eat into small molecules in order for nutrients to diffuse into cells. It can then be used to create a usable form of energy.

20.  Tract (passage) through the body with 2 openings  Approx. 6 to 9 meters long tube  One way  One way tube from mouth  to anus

21. 1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine 6. Anus

22. MECHANICAL DIGESTION: breaking down food physically. Teeth increases surface area Teeth: cutting, grinding & tearing increases surface area of food before chemical digestion.

23. LARGEMOLECULESENDPRODUCTS CARBOHYDRATES Simple sugars LIPIDS3 fatty acids + glycerol Proteins Amino Acids

25. 1. What occurs during the digestion of protein? 1. Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids. 2. Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars. 3. Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches. 4. Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.

26. 2. Which statement best describes animals that are heterotrophs? 1. They are able to convert light energy into useful chemical bond energy. 2. They are able to synthesize organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials. 3. They are unable to consume preformed organic compounds. 4. They are unable to synthesize organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials.

27. 3. Which process is not included in heterotrophic nutrition? 1. ingestion 2. photosynthesis 3. egestion 4. digestion

28. 1. digestion → absorption → circulation → diffusion → synthesis 2. absorption → circulation → digestion → diffusion → synthesis 3. digestion → synthesis → diffusion → circulation → absorption 4. synthesis → absorption → digestion → diffusion → circulation

29. Aim: How do our organs work to help us to digest large molecules? Do Now : Homework: Castle learning Nutrition II Projects due Tomorrow!!!!

30.  Gastrointestinal tract aka alimentary canal  One way tube  Extracellular digestion occurs

32.  Food enters Oral cavity  Mechanical digestion (teeth)  Saliva from salivary glands to moisten food  Chemical digestion: ◦ Amylase  enzyme in saliva that digests starch (BEGINNING OF CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION)

33. esophagus

34.  Connects mouth to the stomach  Peristalsis: muscular movement that pushes food through digestive tract  NO DIGESTION OCCURS DEMO

36.  Gastric glands in lining  secrete gastric juice which contains: ◦ Hydrochloric acid  makes the stomach acidic ◦ Pepsin  enzyme to digest protein  Mucus lining to coat stomach wall  Chyme  moves to small intestine VIDEO 2:09

38. SPHINCTOR

39.  Where digestion is completed  Duodenum  first part of the SI  Where most chemical digestion occurs  Where absorption of nutrients into the blood occurs with the help of VILLI

41.  Tiny fingerlike projections on lining of small intestine  Where digested nutrients (glucose, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids) diffuse into the bloodstream  Inside villi: ◦ Capillaries (glucose and amino acids) ◦ Lacteal (fatty acids and glycerol)

43.  NO DIGESTION  Reabsorbs water  Forms feces (undigested food)

44. Do Now: State the function of 3 organs in the digestive system. Homework: Castle learning “Digestive System II”

45.  Last part of large intestine  Stores feces  Where feces is egested out of the body

46. The main function of the human digestive system is to 1. rid the body of cellular waste materials 2. process organic molecules so they can enter cells 3. break down glucose in order to release energy 4. change amino acids into proteins and carbohydrates

47. 1. absorption 2. osmosis 3. emulsification 4. egestion

48. 1. ingestion and digestion 2. absorption and circulation 3. anaerobic respiration 4. protein synthesis

49. 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Pancreas 4. Large intestine 5. Gall bladder 6. Small intestine

50.  Organs that help in digestion  Food DOES NOT pass through these organs  Examples: - Salivary glands - Liver - Gall bladder - Pancreas

52.  Produces bile  Bile travels to small intestine ◦ Emulsification of lipids  mechanically breaks down fats into smaller droplets to increase surface area for chemical digestion Big fat droplet

54.  Stores bile until needed in the small intestine  Travels through the bile duct

56.  Secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine  Pancreatic juice contains many enzymes ◦ Trypsin  digest proteins ◦ Lipase  digests lipids ◦ Amylase  digests starch  Travels through pancreatic duct

57. In humans, structures that release digestive secretions directly into the small intestine include both the 1. salivary glands and the pancreas 2. gall bladder and the lacteals 3. villi and the salivary glands 4. pancreas and the gall bladder

58. Figure 21.5 TEETH Incisors Canine Premolars Molars “Wisdom” tooth Tongue Salivary glands Opening of a salivary gland duct