Footings and Foundations Architectural Drawing and Light Construction

Frost Line 0 Frost action, which is the settlement of the soil due to the freeze and thaw of a particular climate creates damage to a building through settlement. 0 To counter this action foundations must be dug and placed below the “frost line” which is the depth in inches that the soil doesn’t freeze in the winter months. This figure changes from location to location and can be found in your local codes.

Footings and Foundations 0 Every properly constructed building must be supported by an appropriate foundation that will support the weight of the building and sustain the structure throughout all weather conditions.

Loads 0 Live Loads 0 Varying weights and forces applied to the building by various non- consistent forces. 0 Dead Loads 0 The weight of the structure as well as any stationary equipment fastened to it. 0 Snow Loads 0 Is the weight created by the weight of snow build-up on a structure.

Soil types 0 Every foundation is only as solid as the soil in which it is placed upon. Bedrock is the most favored soil type to build upon due to the lack of future compaction that will occur with in the stone. 0 This compaction causes settlement which is commonly uneven and the most common of destroyer of structures.

Radon Levels 0 Radon is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas found in soils and underground water. Its is harmful to humans. 0 This gas can find its way into buildings through cracks, joints and other openings in the foundation walls and floors. 0 The three basic approaches to preventing radon gas is 0 The barrier approach 0 Soil gas interception 0 Indoor air management

Foundation types 0 Full Basement 0 Typically at a full story height below ground, and constructed with cast-in- place concrete. Very common in colder climates where frost level require greater depths and in high-end homes where the additional space is requested.

Foundation types 0 Crawl Space 0 Shallow depth foundation, leaving roughly 2’ to 4’ between the ground and bottom of the floor joist.

Foundation types 0 Slab- on –grade 0 A concrete slab pour on the ground with a integral concrete beam at the slab edge. Typically not used in cold climates due to settlement and is the cheapest and weakest of all building foundations.

Basement foundations 0 Basement walls must be designed to resist lateral loads from soil and vertical loads from the structure above. Made typically of poured concrete or Masonry Concrete Units (CMU). 0 These walls as for almost all foundations site on top of spread footings which provide support beneath basement walls, masonry walls and columns.

Structural Concrete Slabs 0 Are designed based on structural analysis of use. The added steel reinforcement makes the concrete slab strong enough in tension to support they applied loads without the need for supports below.

Rebar 0 The steel reinforcement discussed in the slide before has a name commonly referred to as “Rebar”. This metal is placed in the concrete to resist the stresses that create tension with in a concrete member. 0 For this purpose the location of rebar is engineered so that the maximum amount of strength comes from the minimum amount of rebar.

Rebar 0 So describing “Rebar” it is categorized by No. bar. The # correlates the actual diameter of a bar by 8ths of and inch so a No. 8 Bar is 1” in diameter. 0 The most common type of rod used is a deformed bar which has ridges that are used to mechanically bond the bar and concrete together.

Walls Revit® Architecture 2012

C H A P T E R OBJECTIVES Learn three ways to place a Wall object. Use Pick Lines on an imported 2D CAD file. Create wall sweeps and reveals. Learn how to use Join Geometry, Cut Geometry, and Wall Joins. Modify verticallycompound walls. Create a profile for a Wall Sweep. Create a compound wall with the SWEEP command. Modify End Caps and Insert conditions. Create embedded walls.

Introduction Wall objects are the basis of all buildings; they enclose space and give the building its character. Because buildings require a vast variety of wall types and configurations, these objects have become very sophisticated in Revit Building.

Creating a Wall You create a wall by sketching the location line of the wall in a Plan view or a 3D view. Revit Architecture applies the thickness, height, and other properties of the wall around the location line of the wall

Using Pick Lines on an Imported 2D CAD File Using the Pick Lines option for creating walls allows you to pick any 2D CAD or line drawing. This is especially useful when you import a DWG, DXF, or MicroStation DGN file. Visibility/Graphics Overrides dialog box

Imported Categories tab

Modify | Place Wall toolbar

Default 3D View button

3D drawing with “Shadows On”

Loading the Profile Profiles are 2D lines that create the cross sections ( Profiles ) of Revit’s Sweeps and Reveals. Load Family from the Insert toolbar to bring up the Imperial Library folder in the Load Family dialog box

The Type Properties dialog box

The Edit Assembly dialog box

Wall Sweeps dialog box Profile selections in Wall Sweeps dialog box

Join Geometry, Cut Geometry, and Wall Joins Revit Architecture makes it easy to make changes to walls using the Join Geometry, Cut Geometry, and Wall Joins tools. Join Geometry command

Cut Geometry button in the Modify toolbar

Default 3D View button

Wall Joins

Join options Don't Clean Join, Miter Don't Clean Join, Butt Don't Clean Join, Square off Don't Clean Join, Butt, Next Don't Clean Join, Square off, Next

Modifying Vertically-Compound Walls You define the structure of vertically-compound walls using either layers or regions. The following graphics visualize the concepts of rows, layers, and regions. Layer Rows —Correspond to layers or regions. Wall Layer —Constant thickness and extends the height of the wall. Regions —Neither region extends the full height of the wall. Split Region button

Materials dialog box “In the Materials dialog box, select Masonry – Concrete Masonry Units, and press the OK button at the bottom of the dialog box” Concrete block added to brick wall

Creating a Wall Sweep profile Wall with profile added Wall Sweeps dialog box

Detail Level Detail Level setting

Exterior setting Interior setting

Embedded Curtain Walls Embedded wall Cut Geometry button

Modify | Walls > Edit Profile Completed embedded wall Wall profile changed

EMBEDDED STOREFRONT Curtain Wall: Storefront option Embedded Storefront wall

Inserting structures between the Core Boundary objects

Structure, Levels, Grids, Foundations Revit® Architecture 2012

C H A P T E R OBJECTIVES Understand and use the Grid and Level tools. Understand and use the Split Grid Lines tool. Understand and use Custom Grid Lines. Understand and use the Wall Foundation tool.

Introduction This chapter covers the basics needed to create and modify custom grids and structural components such as columns, beams and the beam system, trusses, and wall foundation tools

Levels and Grids Level and Grid tools are used to create and modify levels and grids in a drawing level datum line grid bubbles

3D text to 2D NOTE: 3D Extents (the 3D – 2D text) allows you to have the grid lines linked in all floor plans or just one floor plan. Experiment in all the views by turning the 3D Extents On and Off and moving grid lines.

Propagate datum extents Propagate datum extents dialog box “In the Modify | Grids toolbar, press the Propagate Extents button to bring up the Propagate datum extents dialog box”

Z - icon The Z icon allows you to move a bubble “In the Floor Plan: Level 1, select grid line 1, and click the Z icon to allow you to move the grid bubble. This is important if you have many grid lines close to each Other…”

CUSTOM GRID LINES Change settings in the Type Properties dialog box Adjust segments of a grid line

WALL FOUNDATION Type Properties dialog box Wall Foundation button