GFRA 2015 HANOI, VIETNAM OCTOBER 20-22, 2015 GFRA 2015 HANOI, VIETNAM OCTOBER 20-22, 2015 FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE CONTROL OPTIONS IN PARTS OF WEST AFRICA Wungak, Y. S., Ishola, O. O., Lazarus, D. D., Ularamu, G. H., Olugasa, B. O. 1

Introduction As efforts towards the control and eradication of TADs intensifies, FMD remains a major threat to many countries including the developed world. However, global efforts to control FMD has led to the development of the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP). PCP acknowledges the fact that principles and methods are not to be prescriptive, but rather outcome-oriented and recognizes that most effective approach to achieving key outcomes might be different in countries and region, therefore flexibility is encouraged. 2

Introduction (continues) There is also the need to critically look at the areas were the control measures will be most effective and impactful. FMD is enzootic in West Africa with the wild viruses circulating freely causing outbreaks throughout the year. There is no control policy for FMD in most parts of the West Africa sub-region. Due to free trade in livestock and its products across the region, there is unrestricted animal movement. In this presentation, we provide the most effective and feasible option for the control of FMD in some parts of West African countries. 3

Comparison between the control potentials in developed countries and parts of West African countries Develop countries (FMD free) West African countries (FMD endemic) Government political will strong very week Veterinary services Strong and active Week and not very active Animal Movement restriction Can easily be carry out and effective Difficult to carry out and usually not very effective (usually because of pastoral systems of management And lack of legislation enforcement) Slaughter policy (stamping out) Slaughter policy Practicable (because of compensation) Not practicable( no compensation provision) Investments in Animal health High low Current FMD vaccine The current vaccine in used is available and The current vaccine in used is not readily available and affordable affordable to most cattle herdmen in the west African Sub-region 4

Results of seroprevalence and risk factors determination of FMD in two northcentral state of Nigeria, cattle herds were sampled 40% of the herds indicated transboundary movement across neigbouring countries. 98% of these herds between Km in search of pasture and water. Fig. 1 Blood collectionFig. 2 Map of Nigeria showing study area xxxxxxxxx 5

Control options  Vaccination  Practical and feasible method  Compliance from the farmers can be reasonably high to ensure herd immunity  Strategic vaccination programme can easily be carried  The impact of vaccination can easily be measured Movement control across states and international borders Effective Quarantine system. Effective surveillance and disease reporting system Improving veterinary legislations. Creating awareness among the pastoralist about FMD control 6

Conclusion Vaccination is only one tool in addition to all other FMD control options in endemic countries. However, vaccination remains the most feasible and practical means of control at the moment in west Africa. With good quality vaccines which of course should be affordable and available, the impact of FMD in disease endemic countries can be reduced with the consequential risk of FMD introduction to disease free countries being reduced. ECOWAS member states should renew their commitments and political will to control FMD and other livestock diseases as it is done elsewhere to promote trade and fight poverty and hunger. Yes, we can do it, we can still repeat the history of rinderpest! 7

Recommedations Research towards the development of vaccines with prolonged duration of immunity, that will be readily available and affordable to developing countries and smallholder farmers should be greatly encouraged. Aids that will strengthen veterinary services in West Africa sub- region (Diseases surveillance system, Laboratory capacity & disease control) should be encouraged. There is the need for regional collaboration among member states to fight FMD, since there is free trade in livestock and livestock products across the region. 8

Acknowlegements The National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom Nigeria All participating farmers from the two study areas The University of Ibadan, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine The Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Alliance (GFRA) The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) of the United States of America xxxxxxxxx 9

Thank you for listening! 10