1. 1 OIE Sub-Regional Representation for Southern Africa

2. 2 OIE’S ROLE IN SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN THE SADC REGION M. Letshwenyo OIE Sub-Regional Representation for Southern Africa Gaborone, Botswana

3. 33 Presentation Layout Background Information OIE Mandate Objectives of the OIE OIE Standards Benefits to Farmers Conclusion

4. 44 Background Information Formed in 1924 as the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) In 2003 became the World Organisation for Animal Health Responsible for Animal Health, Welfare and Veterinary Public Health Currently 180 member countries (represented by their Directors of Veterinary Services) Operates through a network of more than 200 Regional/Sub-Regional Offices & Reference Laboratories

5. 55 Background Information For Africa Region, there are 4 sub-regions West Africa (Bamako, Mali) Southern Africa (Gaborone, Botswana) East and Horn of Africa (Nairobi, Kenya) North Africa (Tunis, Tunisia) Implement OIE Mandate at sub-regional level Assist Veterinary Services of Sub-regions with compliance to OIE international standards

6. 66 Background Information on Small holder Livestock Production Definition: refers to farmers who keep small numbers of animals as a single or multi-species (synonymous with traditional farming) In most African countries they are the majority (~80%) compared to ~20% commercial Comprises the widest diversity of; producers (men, women, youth, etc.) livestock species (cattle, sheep, goats, chicken, etc.) Vulnerable to poor economic performance of countries

7. 77 Background Information on Small holder Livestock Production Importance of livestock - Food (meat & milk) - Draught power - Bartering - Manure - Sign of wealth - Ceremonial events -Source of raw material for industry (e.g. hides/skins) All contingent on animals & products being free from diseases, safe for human consumption and animals treated humanely The consumer is particular about these three – direct bearing on access to market

8. 88 Background Information on Small holder Livestock Production To assist small holder livestock producers to be competitive in the livestock industry, these must be addressed Addressing these is complex, difficult and costly – hence it is a public good The OIE support all farmers, through their member countries to produce livestock.

9. 99 OIE Mandate the improvement of animal health, veterinary public health and animal welfare world-wide: i.e. OIE Mandate = Animal health + Veterinary Public health + Animal welfare Set objectives to guide the mandate Mandate implemented through Standards

10. 10 1.Transparency: Ensure transparency in reporting the global animal disease situation 2.Scientific information: Collect, analyse and disseminate veterinary scientific information 3.International solidarity: Encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases Objectives of the OIE 4.Sanitary safety: Safeguard world trade by publishing health standards for inter- national trade in animals and animal products 5.Promotion of veterinary services: Improve the legal framework and resources of national Vet. Services 6.Food safety and animal welfare: To provide a better guarantee of food of ani- mal origin and to promote animal welfare through a science-based approach

11. 11 OIE Standards Set of agreed rules, which are objective, fair and based on science. based on most recent scientific and technical information. used by MC to protect themselves from the introduction of diseases and pathogens, without setting up unjustified sanitary barriers. made by the OIE Scientific Commissions (experts) world wide, and adopted by the OIE World Assembly of Delegates (Directors of Veterinary Services for member countries) OIE World Assembly of Delegates

12. 12 OIE Standards Any MC can initiate a new standard (s) or its review, through their OIE Delegate (Director of VS) All MC are treated equally – they contribute and if necessary vote for on a 1 country 1 vote system, therefore standards are fair (no bias)

13. 13 OIE Standards Standards are found in the; Terrestrial Animal Health Code Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals Aquatic Animal Health Code Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals. Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals

14. 14 OIE Standards

15. 15 International Standard-Setting Organizations (3-sisters) food safety CODEX plant health IPPC animal health/zoonoses OIE OIE Standards SPS Agreement OIE Standards SPS Agreement The OIE is recognised internationally, including by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement as the International Standard setting body for Animal health, Welfare and Veterinary Public Health (Zoonosis)

16. 16 OIE Standards – Animal Health

17. 17 OIE Standards – Animal Health

18. 18 OIE Standards - Animal welfare Section Animal welfare Chapter 7.1. Introduction to the recommendations for animal welfare Chapter 7.2. Transport of animals by sea Chapter 7.3. Transport of animals by land Chapter 7.4. Transport of animals by air Chapter 7.5. Slaughter of animals Chapter 7.6. Killing of animals for disease control purposes Chapter 7.7. Stray dog population control Chapter 7.8. Use of animals in research and education Chapter 7.9. Animal welfare and beef cattle production systems Chapter 7.10. Animal welfare and broiler chicken production systems

19. 19 OIE Standards- Veterinary Public Health Chapter 6.1. The role of the Veterinary Services in food safety Chapter 6.2. Control of biological hazards of animal health and public health importance through ante- and post-mortem meat inspection Chapter 6.3. The control of hazards of animal health and public health importance in animal feed Chapter 6.4. Biosecurity procedures in poultry production Chapter 6.5. Prevention, detection and control of Salmonella in poultry Chapter 6.6. Introduction to the recommendations for controlling antimicrobial resistance Chapter 6.7. Harmonisation of national antimicrobial resistance surveillance and monitoring programmes Chapter 6.8. Monitoring of the quantities and usage patterns of antimicrobial agents used in food- producing animals Chapter 6.9. Responsible and prudent use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine Chapter 6.10. Risk analysis for antimicrobial resistance arising from the use of antimicrobials in animals Chapter 6.11. Zoonoses transmissible from non-human primates

20. 20 Benefit of OIE standards Major TADs controlled or eradicated (Rinderpest) Disease free areas (countries or zones within countries) Enhanced value of animals Improved Market Access (Trade facilitation) Benefit to farmer

21. 21

22. 22 Benefit of OIE standards Production of safe commodities (animal products) Enhanced value of commodities Improved Market Access (Trade facilitation) Benefit to farmer

23. 23 Benefit of OIE standards Humane treatment (handling) of animals Reduction of unnecessary suffering to animals Improved Market Acceptability (Trade facilitation) Benefit to farmer

24. 24 Conclusion OIE standards help veterinary authorities and farmers to control animal diseases; this in turn improves the value of animals and their access to national, regional and global markets – i.e. improves the competitiveness of livestock and their products. Farmers need to familiarize themselves more with OIE standards and produce accordingly. Standards keep improving as the market place develops according to consumer preferences – producers need to keep up.

25. 25 Thank you for your attention! Thank you for your attention