EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE PART 2: Informing Community Stakeholders About Global Earthquake Disaster Situations Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster.

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Presentation transcript:

EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE PART 2: Informing Community Stakeholders About Global Earthquake Disaster Situations Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

The Process of Becoming an Informed Community Stakeholder is Like Learning How to Fly a Plane Using A Flight Simulator so: SIMULATE GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE SITUATIONS UNTIL THEY BECOME YOUR REALITY

YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE PPREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

RESILIENCY POLICIES PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR ANYTHING) PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND) SCENARIOS (KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT) PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR ANYTHING) PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND) SCENARIOS (KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT)

RESILIENCY POLICIES EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SAVE LIVES & PROTECT PROPERTY) RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION (RESTORE & NORM- ALIZE SERVICES) EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SAVE LIVES & PROTECT PROPERTY) RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION (RESTORE & NORM- ALIZE SERVICES)

AN INFORMED COMMUNITY STAKE HOLDER MAKES GOOD DECISIONS BASED ON THE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE ON GLOBAL EARTH- QUAKE REALITIES MAKES GOOD DECISIONS BASED ON THE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE ON GLOBAL EARTH- QUAKE REALITIES

BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE TOOLS FOR ENACTING AND IMPLEMENTING POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, SCENARIOS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, and RECOVERY & RECONSTRUCTION

BOOK OF BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And EM HI-ED And EM HI-ED

OCCURRENCE (PLATE TECTONICS, LOCATION, FAULTING, SEISMICITY, …)

Earthquakes occur as the result of global interactions between and within tectonic plates in the lithosphere that are slowly moving past each other as the result of stresses created by heat flow from deep inside the Earth.

THE TECTONIC PLATES Figure 2.29

Schematic Diagram of the Faulting Mechanism NORTHNORTH WESTWEST

NORTHNORTH WESTWEST

SITUATION: SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE

OCCURRENCE The Seismicity Record Contains Information on WHERE, HOW BIG, HOW DEEP, and HOW OFTEN

SEISMICITY: EUROPE

SEISMICITY: USA

SEISMICITY: MID-AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN BASIN

PHYSICAL EFFFECTS (TSUNAMIS, GROUND SHAKING, GROUND FAILURE, …)

REGIONAL DEFORMATION EARTHQUAKE TSUNAMI VIBRATION FAULT RUPTURE FOUNDATION FAILURE AMPLIFICATIONLIQUEFACTION LANDSLIDEAFTERSHOCKSSEICHE DAMAGE/LOSS DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS

SITUATION: A TSUNAMI TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION OTHER LOCATIONS INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN, HAWAII, CARIBBEAN, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS, GUAM, WESTERN USA, AND MEDITERRANEAN TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION OTHER LOCATIONS INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN, HAWAII, CARIBBEAN, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS, GUAM, WESTERN USA, AND MEDITERRANEAN

SIZE (VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL WAVE RUNUP) OF A TSUNAMI TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT 800 KM/ HOUR, SLOWING TO KM/HR AS SHORE IS REACHED WAVE HEIGHTS CAN REACH 30 M OR MORE WAVES CAN TRAVEL 2 KM OR MORE INLAND TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT 800 KM/ HOUR, SLOWING TO KM/HR AS SHORE IS REACHED WAVE HEIGHTS CAN REACH 30 M OR MORE WAVES CAN TRAVEL 2 KM OR MORE INLAND

SITUATION: STRONG GROUND SHAKING Ground Shaking records Indicate The Strength, Duration, And Dominant Frequencies of Ground Shaking

PROBABILISTIC GROUND SHAKING MAP SPATIAL VARIATION OF THE SEVERITY OF GROUND SHAKING EXPECTED DURING A SPECIFIC EXPOSURE TIME

SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE: LIQUEFACTION

SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE: LANDSLIDE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS (DAMAGE, LOSS OF FUNCTION, COLLAPSE, LOSS OF LIFE, LOSS OF HABITAT, LOSS OF JOBS, LOSS OF CONFIDENCE, LOSS OF ECONOMIC LOSSES, …)

SITUATION: URBAN DAMAGE

SITUATION: INTERIOR LOSS OF FUNCTION

SITUATION: FAILURE OF URM BUILDING

SITUATION: COLLAPSE OF HIGH-RISE APARTMENT UNIT

SITUATION: DAMAGE TO HOUSING UNITS

SITUATION: 56 MILLION DAMAGED BUILDINGS

SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF HOSPITAL

SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL

SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY

SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION: ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY

SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF AIRPORT

SITUATION: DISRUPTION OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES

SITUATION: DAM FAILURE

SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TO UTILITY CORRIDOR

SITUATION: RADIOACTIVITY LEAK

SITUATION: DEATH TOLL REACHED 220,OOO+

SITUATIONl: 88,000 DEAD

SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION IN PORT AREA

SITUATION: RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

SITUATION: OIL REFINERY FIRE

SITUATION: LOSS OF POWER AND LOSS OF FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITY

SITUATION: LOSS OF FIRE FIGHTING CAPABILITY

SITUATION: EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES

SITUATION: NEED FOR TEMPORARY SHELTER

SITUATION: LOSS OF BUSINESS

SITUATION: LOSS OF 40 PERCENT OF GDP

HIGH VELOCITY OF INCOMING WAVES TSUNAMIS DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP AND RUNOFF VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FLOODING INADEQUATE WARNING SYSTEMS PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

SITUATION: $309 BILLION LOSS FROM TSUNAMI WAVES

SITUATION: NEED FOR FOOD AND WATER

SITUATION: LOSS OF REFINERY SERVICES