1.1 What is science? Science is a system of knowledge and the methods used to find that knowledge. Science and Technology are interdependent. Technology is the use of knowledge to solve practical problems.
Branches of Science Physical Science: Physics and Chemistry Earth and Space Science: Geology, Meteorology, Oceanography, Astronomy Life Science: Biology, Ecology, Zoology, Genetics
Big Ideas Space and Time Matter and change Forces and Motion Energy -Matter has volume and mass Forces and Motion Energy -Kinetic and potential
The goal is: to solve a problem or better understand 1.2 Scientific Approach Scientific Method: an organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communication information The goal is: to solve a problem or better understand Scientific method can vary from case to case.
Steps Observations Hypothesis Test Information obtained through senses Proposed answer to a question Test Factors that change called variables Manipulated: causes change in another (the one you change) Responding: changes in response to the manipulated Controlled: when one variable is changed at a time
Steps continued Conclusions Theory: Based on data Well tested explanation Scientific Law: a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature Ex. Law of Gravity
Physical Science Methods Measuring Use measurements bases on the International System of units of the SI system Each type of measurement has a standard to compare to
Measurement Descriptions and Instruments Length Use a ruler, the cm side SI = meter Mass Measure of the amount of matter in an object Use a balance, which measures in grams SI = kilograms (kg)
Time Temperature Interval between 2 occurrences Use a stopwatch SI = seconds Temperature Use a thermometer (0C) SI = Kelvin This scale is based on absolute zero, which is the lowest possible temperature
Irregular Solids Volume Liquid Regular Solids Use a graduated cylinder, measures in mL SI = L Regular Solids Use a ruler, then do LxWxH, unit is then cm3 SI = cm3 Irregular Solids Place water in cylinder, read amount, drop object in, read amount, subtract the two numbers
Graphs Tools that make it easier to spot patterns or trends The data can support or reject a hypothesis Types Line graph: Used to show trends of how the data changed over time
Bar Graph Circle Graph Compares info collected by counting How some fixed quantity is broken down into parts Pie is total, slices represent the parts
X-axis: runs horizontal Y-axis: runs vertical Manipulated variable Y-axis: runs vertical Responding variable
Practice Reading Graphs Fig 21. Pg. 23 What is the mass at 5cm3? What is on the x-axis? What is on the y-axis? Fig. 22 pg. 23 What is the flow rate at 2.0 mins? What type of proportion is shown? Fig. 23 pg. 24 What is the city with the most annual precipitation? Fig. 24 pg. 24 What element is in the least percentage? What element is in the most?