10/11/11 Chapter 1A It’s ALIVE or is it

10/11/11 Section 1 Characteristics of living things: There are 6 that all organisms share Living things have cells Living things sense and respond to change Living things reproduce Living things have DNA Living things use energy Living things grow and develop

10/11/11 Living things have cells….. All living things are made of cells Cell – a membrane bound structure that contains all the necessary things for life Some organisms are made of only one cell – UNICELLULAR Some organisms are made of more than one cell - MULTICELLULAR

10/11/11 Unicellular….. Amoeba Euglena Paramecium

10/11/11 Multicellular…..

10/11/11 Living things sense and respond to change… Organisms respond to a STIMULUS – STIMULUS …….anything that causes a change in the organisms activities

10/11/11 Why????? To maintain HOMEOSTASIS – Maintaining a stable internal environment Keeping your body 98.6

10/11/11 Living Things Reproduce….. 2 Types of Reproduction: – Asexual – Sexual

10/11/11 Asexual Reproduction Only involves one parent Offspring look identical to parent Examples: -Starfish – Strawberry – Bacteria – Amoeba

10/11/11 Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Offspring look similar to both parents Examples: Human Fish Dogs Cats

10/11/11 Living Things Have DNA….. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid - used by cells to make protein - passed on to new cells during reproduction

10/11/11 Living Things Use Energy….. Organisms need energy to carry out these processes The rate at which your body uses energy is your METABOLISM

10/11/11 Living Things Grow and Develop….. All organisms grow and go through changes during periods of their lives

10/11/11 Section 2 The simple bare necessities of life: » Food » Water » Air » Space

10/11/11 Food All organisms need food…..WHY ? Producers – makes food Example – plant

10/11/11 Consumers – eat food Example - cow

10/11/11 Decomposer – breaks down dead organisms for their food Example: termites

10/11/11 Water Most cells are made of water…how much? – About 70% – Why so much ? » To help run all the processes necessary to keep the cell alive

10/11/11 Air Mixture of several gases Two of the most commonly used gases: Oxygen Carbon Dioxide

10/11/11 Space An organism will try to keep it’s niche the same – Niche…..the environment where the organism lives with the effect of all living and non-living factors in that environment – Some organisms need more area than others

10/11/11 Section 3 The Chemistry of life: – Everything is made of atoms – Approx. 100 kinds of atoms – Atoms are the smallest particles to make up things

10/11/11 Atoms make up….. Molecules – 2 or more atoms joined together Found in living things are made up of different combinations of 6 elements: C – Carbon H – Hydrogen O – Oxygen N – Nitrogen P – Phosphorus S – Sulfur

10/11/11 Atoms also make up….. Elements – made of all one atoms

10/11/11 Proteins….. Second most abundant in cells Made of Amino Acids We eat foods high in protein, our body breaks the protein into amino acids, then they are reassembled inside the cells of our body

10/11/11 Proteins…..

10/11/11 Proteins….. Found in what foods ?

10/11/11 Carbohydrates….. Made of sugars Used as an energy source 2 types of Carbohydrates Simple Complex

10/11/11 Carbohydrates….. Simple – made of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked together

10/11/11 Carbohydrates….. Complex – made of hundreds of sugar molecules linked together

10/11/11 Lipids….. Compounds that can not mix with water Some store energy Some form the membrane of cells

10/11/11 Lipids….. Fats and Oils – Store energy - get burned after carbohydrates

10/11/11 Lipids….. Phospholipids – form the cell membrane - heads like water - tails do not like water

10/11/11 Nucleic Acids….. Made up of Nucleotides A Nucleotide is made of » Sugar » Phosphate » Base

10/11/11 Nucleotides….. DNA is made of Nucleotides

10/11/11 The Cell’s Fuels….. ATP – Adenosinetriphosphate is the major fuel used by cells.