1. Chemical Compounds in Cells
Chapter 3, Section 1

2. Elements & Compounds
Tiny particles make up everything from cells to air
The particles can be elements or compounds
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances (like oxygen or nitrogen)
A compound is a mixture of two or more elements chemically combined
ex. Carbon dioxide CO2

3. Water Compound- made up of 2 Hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
Chemical formula H2O
Most chemicals necessary for life in a cell dissolve in water
Makes up 2/3 of your body
Helps cells keep size and shape
Helps maintain constant temperature

4. Inorganic & Organic Compounds
All compounds in living things contain CARBON- they are called organic
Any compound that does not have carbon is inorganic

5. Organic compounds found in living things: Carbohydrates Lipids
Biomolecules
Organic compounds found in living things:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

6. Carbohydrates
Energy rich
Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Examples: sugars and starches
Sugar produced by photosynthesis (glucose), if plants make extra, they convert the sugar to starch and store it

7. Lipids
Fats, oils & waxes
Energy rich, made of carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
More energy than carbs
Make up cell membranes

8. Proteins
Large molecules made up of C, H, O, nitrogen and sometime sulfur
Hair, nails, bird’s feathers, spider webs
= protein
Proteins are made up of smaller molecules called amino acids
There are about 20 different amino acids

9. Protein Functions
Much of the cell structure is protein
Cell membranes & organelle membranes
Some proteins are specialized and form enzymes

10. Enzymes
Special proteins that lower the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur
We could not live without enzymes

11. Nucleic Acids
Very long organic molecules
Made up of C, O, H, N, and Phosphorus
Two kinds:
DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA- ribonucleic acid