1. Living Things

2. Characteristics 1.Have cells 2.Sense and Respond 3.Reproduce 4.Have DNA 5.Use Energy 6.Grow and Develop

3. 1.Living things have cells. A.) A cell is a membrane covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life. B.) Organisms are made of: 1. One celled organisms are called unicellular 2. More than one celled organisms are called multi-cellular

4. Cells are microscopic

5. 2.Living things sense and respond to change. A.) Stimulus is a change in an organism’s environment that affects the activity of an organism.

6. 1. A stimulus can be: a. Chemicals b. Gravity c. Darkness d. Light e. Sound f. Taste g. Or anything that causes a cell to respond in some way.

7. B. Response: the reaction that an organism has. C. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment. Warm Blooded – animals that have a constant body temperature (ex. dogs).

8. Example: Your body maintains a temperature of about 37°C. a. What happens when you get hot? You sweat b. What happens when you get cold? You shiver

9. Cold Blooded animals – have a body temperature that changes with its environment (ex. Snake).

10. 3. Living things reproduce A.) Asexual reproduction is when a single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Example: amoeba

11. B.) Sexual reproduction almost always requires two parents to produce offspring that will share characteristics of both parents. Example: bears

12. 4. Living things have DNA A.) DNA provides instructions for making molecules called proteins which determine many of an organisms characteristics. B.) Heredity is the transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next.

13. 5. Living things use energy A.) Metabolism is the sum total of all the chemical activity of an organism. B.) Metabolism can be influenced by hormones, exercise, diet, and aging. C.) The ultimate source of energy comes from the sun.

14. 6. Living things grow and develop A.) Whether they are made of one cell or many cells all living things grow during periods of their lives. B.) Growth of unicellular organism occurs as the cell gets bigger. C.) Growth of multi-cellular organisms occurs by increasing their number of cells.

15. Summary The Six Characteristics of Living Things are: 1.Have cells 2.Sense and response to change 3.Reproduction 4.Have DNA 5.Use Energy 6.Grow and Develop

16. NECESSITIES OF LIFE 1.Water 2.Air 3.A place to Live 4.Food

17. 1. Water All living organisms are approximately 70% water. You can only survive 3 days without water.

18. 2. Air Mixture of several gases. 3. A Place to Live Must have somewhere that contains all of the things a living thing needs to survive.

19. 4. Food Provides organisms with the energy and raw materials needed to carry on life processes. A.) Producers: -They can make their own food Example: plants *Photosynthesis: the process that converts the energy in sunlight to energy stored in food.

20. B.) Consumers They must eat (consume) other organisms to get food. Example: tigers

21. *Herbivore – A consumer that eats only plants *Carnivore – A consumer that eats only animals *Omnivore – A consumer that eats a variety of organisms, both plants and animals.

22. C.) Decomposers: Organisms that get their food by breaking down the nutrients in dead organisms or animal wastes. Example: fungi, Mushrooms Worms

23. FOOD CHAIN: a food pathway that links different species in a community. Energy and materials are passed from one organism to another. Animals pass on only about 10% of the energy it receives.

25. Food WEB FOOD WEB: shows the feeding relationships in an ecosystem. different food chains often connect to form a large food web.

27. Energy Pyramid Energy Pyramid: Diagram that shows the energy transfer. Each level of the pyramid represents a link in the food chain. There is less energy for use at the top of the pyramid than at the bottom. This is because most of the energy is used up at the lower levels.

29. Don’t forget: Green plants are producers of food which is used directly or indirectly by consumers. Example of directly getting the sun’s energy: Grass absorbing the sunlight Example of indirectly getting the sun’s energy: Grass cow humans

30. CHEMISTRY OF LIFE There are 6 Elements of Living Things that are usually made of: 1.Carbon 2.Oxygen 3.Hydrogen 4.Nitrogen 5.Phosphorous 6.Sulfur

31. PROTEINS Second most abundant material in a cell (water is first) Made up of amino acids (building blocks) Function: Form structures (ie. Hair, feathers, spider webs) Hemoglobin (found in red blood cells) Protection Enzymes (cell reactions occur quickly)

32. CARBOHYDRATES Made of glucose (sugars) Source of energy A.Simple Carbohydrates – one or only a few glucose (sugar) molecules linked together. Example: table sugar A.Complex Carbohydrates – Hundreds of glucose (sugar) molecules linked together. – Stored in the liver – Stored as starch in plants Example: bread, pasta

33. LIPIDS A Compound that can not mix with water and that is used to store energy. Form membranes of cells Some store energy Examples are fats and oils – Fats are solid at room temperature – Oils are liquid at room temperature

34. NUCLEIC ACIDS Blue Prints of life that contain all the necessary information to make proteins. DNA is a nucleic acid ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Major fuel used for all cell activities