1. Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Chapter 2
Bellwork
What are four living and nonliving things that you interact with every day? How do you know whether each is living or nonliving? Do you know what the word inanimate means? If so, write out a definition. Does nonliving mean the same thing as dead? Explain your answer.

2. 1. Living Things Have Cells
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Chapter 2
1. Living Things Have Cells
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
A cell is a membrane-covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life.
Some organisms are made up of only one cell and some are made up of trillions of cells. In an organism with many cells, different kinds of cells perform specialized functions.

3. 2. Living Things Sense and Respond to Change
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Chapter 2
2. Living Things Sense and Respond to Change
A stimulus is anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism. Ex: light, sound
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Responding to External Change Organisms must respond to change in the external environment in order to maintain their homeostasis. Ex: shiver or sweat

4. 3. Living Things Reproduce
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Chapter 2
3. Living Things Reproduce
Organisms make other organisms similar to themselves.
In sexual reproduction, two parents produce offspring that will share characteristics of both parents. Ex: birds
In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Ex: hydra

5. Chapter 2 4. Living Things Have DNA
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Chapter 2
4. Living Things Have DNA
The cells of all living things contain the molecule deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
DNA controls the structure and function of cells.
The passing of traits through DNA is called heredity.

6. 5. Living Things Use Energy
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Chapter 2
5. Living Things Use Energy
Organisms use energy to carry out the activities of life.
An organism’s metabolism is the total of all of the chemical activities that the organism performs.

7. 6. Living Things Grow and Develop
Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things
Chapter 2
6. Living Things Grow and Develop
All living things, whether they are made of one cell or many cells, grow during periods of their lives.
Living things may develop and change as they grow.

8. Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Bellwork
What do you think your mass would be if there were no water in your body? What else besides water is your body composed of? Where do you think you get the minerals that make up your body mass?

9. Chapter 2 1. Water 2. Air 70% body
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
1. Water
70% body
chemical reactions – used for metabolism
Differ with amounts
2. Air
mixture of several different gases
Live in water – come to surface or dissolved O2 from water

10. Chapter 2 3. A Place to Live 4. Food
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
3. A Place to Live
contains all of the things they need to survive.
Ex: water, shelter
competition with each other.
4. Food
need food.
gives energy and materials needed to carry on life processes.

11. Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Producers can make their own food by using energy from their surroundings. Ex: plants
consumers because they must eat other organisms to get food. Ex: frog
Decomposers - breaking down the nutrients in dead organisms or animal wastes. Ex: mushroom

12. Comparing Consumers and Producers
Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Comparing Consumers and Producers
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key.
Visual Concept

13. Putting It All Together
Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Putting It All Together
All organisms need to break down that food in order to use the nutrients in it.
Nutrients are made up of molecules.
Molecules found in living things are usually made up of six elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

14. are large, made up of amino acids. break down the proteins in food
Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
1. Proteins
are large, made up of amino acids.
break down the proteins in food
Spider webs, repair tissue
form structures
help cells do their jobs.
enzymes start or speed up chemical reactions in cells.

15. Molecules made of sugars carbohydrates.
Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
2. Carbohydrates
Molecules made of sugars carbohydrates.
Simple carbohydrates one sugar molecule or few sugar molecules.
Complex carbohydrates hundreds of sugar molecules linked together. store extra sugar as complex. Ex: starch in plants

16. Phospholipids form the cell membrane.
Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
3. Lipids
cannot mix with water.
Phospholipids form the cell membrane.
Ex: Fats and Oils store energy. can get energy from

17. Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life

18. Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the major energy-carrying molecule in cells.
The energy in carbohydrates and lipids must first be transferred to ATP, which then provides fuel for cellular activities.

19. are large molecules made up of nucleotides.
Chapter 2
Section 2 The Necessities of Life
4. Nucleic Acids
are large molecules made up of nucleotides.
Nucleic acids called the blueprints of life
DNA
Not used for energy

20. Chapter 2 Nucleic Acid Section 2 The Necessities of Life
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key.
Visual Concept

21. Interpreting Graphics
Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
Interpreting Graphics
The graph below shows an ill person’s body temperature. Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow.

22. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. A fever is a spike in temperature. On which day does this person have a fever?
A Sunday
B Monday
C Wednesday
D Saturday

23. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. A fever is a spike in temperature. On which day does this person have a fever?
A Sunday
B Monday
C Wednesday
D Saturday

24. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. A body with a fever is often fighting an infection. Fevers help eliminate the pathogens that cause the infection. According to the chart, when does this person probably have the highest fever?
F Sunday
G Monday
H Wednesday
I Saturday

25. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. A body with a fever is often fighting an infection. Fevers help eliminate the pathogens that cause the infection. According to the chart, when does this person probably have the highest fever?
F Sunday
G Monday
H Wednesday
I Saturday

26. Chapter 2 3. What is the highest temperature that this fever reaches?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. What is the highest temperature that this fever reaches?
A 37°C
B 38°C
C 39°C
D 40°C

27. Chapter 2 3. What is the highest temperature that this fever reaches?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. What is the highest temperature that this fever reaches?
A 37°C
B 38°C
C 39°C
D 40°C

28. Chapter 2 4. What is probably this person’s normal body temperature?
Standardized Test Preparation
4. What is probably this person’s normal body temperature?
F 37°C
G 38°C
H 39°C
I 40°C

29. Chapter 2 4. What is probably this person’s normal body temperature?
Standardized Test Preparation
4. What is probably this person’s normal body temperature?
F 37°C
G 38°C
H 39°C
I 40°C