African Centre for Statistics United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Session 6: Statistics on Waste Workshop on Environment Statistics and Accounts 7 – 11 March 2011 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

African Centre for Statistics Outline of Presentation I. Introduction II. Municipal Waste III. Hazardous Waste II. Classifications of waste by source III. Waste indicator development using DPSIR VI. Indicators of waste in the UNSD / UNEP Questionnaire VII. Other waste indicators (CSD, NEPAD)

African Centre for Statistics I. Introduction Waste Waste refers to materials that are not prime products (i.e. products produced for the market) for which the generator has no further use for his own purpose of production, transformation or consumption, and which he discards, or intends or is required to discard. It excludes residuals directly recycled or reused at the place of generation (i.e. establishment) and waste materials that are directly discharged into ambient water or air. There are municipal wastes and hazardous wastes

African Centre for Statistics II. Municipal Waste Waste collected by or on behalf of municipalities includes: o Bulky waste (ex. white goods, old furniture, mattresses) o Yard waste, leaves, grass clippings o Street sweepings, content of litter containers, and market cleanings Composition of municipal waste 1. Paper, paperboard 2. Textiles 3. Plastics 4. Glass 5. Metals 6. Other inorganic material 7. Organic material 8. of which food and garden waste

African Centre for Statistics II. Municipal Waste (cont’d) Municipal wastes originate from: o Household o Commerce and trade, small businesses o Office buildings and institutions (schools, hospitals, gov’t buildings) o Street cleaning services (street sweepings, content of litter containers, market cleaning waste) Excludes: o Municipal sewage network and treatment o Municipal construction and demolition waste

African Centre for Statistics II. Municipal Waste (cont’d) Treatment and disposal of municipal waste –Municipal waste collected –Municipal waste imported for treatment / disposal –Municipal waste exported for treatment / disposal –Municipal waste managed in the country Of which: Recycled / composted Incinerated Landfilled

African Centre for Statistics II. Municipal Waste (cont’d) Data Sources of municipal waste –Waste volumes: »Municipalities: Contracts and accounts with transport companies and landfills »Transport companies: Volume of waste transported, number of trucks used »Landfills: Volumes / weight of waste or number of trucks »Trade statistics for import / export –Population served: »Municipalities: coverage of waste collection, population »National statistics: rural and urban population –Analysis of a small number of representative samples from landfills

African Centre for Statistics II. Municipal Waste (cont’d) Selected municipal waste variables at city level –Share of city population served by municipal waste collection –Total amount of municipal waste generated –Municipal waste collected from households –Municipal waste collected from other origins –Total amount of municipal waste collected »Of which: –Recycled / composted –Incinerated –Landfilled

African Centre for Statistics III. Hazardous Waste Wastes that, owing to their toxic, infectious, radioactive or flammable properties, pose a substantial actual hazard to the health of humans, other living organisms and the environment. International convention on hazardous waste –Basel convention on the control of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal –Adopted in Basel in March 1989 –Entered in force on May 5, 1992

African Centre for Statistics III. Hazardous Waste (cont’d) –Total parties to the convention 175 countries –49 African countries are parties to the Convention (Except Angola, Sao-Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe) –The objectives of the Convention are »To control and reduce the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes »Prevention and minimization of their generation »Environmentally sound management of such wastes »Active promotion of the transfer and use of cleaner technologies

African Centre for Statistics III. Hazardous Waste (cont’d) Treatment and disposal of hazardous waste –Hazardous waste generated –Hazardous waste imported –Hazardous waste exported –Hazardous waste managed in the country »Of which: –Recycled / composted –Incinerated –Landfilled

African Centre for Statistics III. Hazardous Waste (cont’d) Data sources of hazardous wastes National inventory of hazardous waste producers Regular reporting by these producers National inventory of treatment facilities Regular reporting by these treatment facilities Reporting on import / export of hazardous waste Hazardous waste treatment and disposal –Waste disposal: Landfill, incineration, dumping sea –Waste treatment: Physical, thermal, chemical or biological processing –Processing of waste, that change the characteristics of the waste in order to reduce its volume, or hazardous nature, facilitate its handling, or enhance recycling

African Centre for Statistics III. Hazardous Waste (cont’d) Hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities –Landfill sites (controlled / uncontrolled) –Incineration plants –Treatment plants –Other Data sources of hazardous wastes –Municipal, regional or national inventory of waste treatment and disposal sites –If necessary, additional information directly from the most important sites

African Centre for Statistics IV. Classifications of waste by source International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC Rev. 4) is used to classify waste by source It is used to link ecological change to economic activities. The ISIC used in sources of waste are ISIC – Agriculture, forestry and fishing ISIC – Mining and quarrying ISIC – Manufacturing ISIC 35 – Electricity, gas, steam, & air conditioning supply ISIC – Construction

African Centre for Statistics V. Waste indicator development using DPSIR Driving forces of waste »Population growth (especially urban) »Socio-economic development »Changing household consumption patterns & distribution channels »Increasing production and use of hazardous materials »Increasing production and use of non-hazardous materials Pressure »Increased volumes of hazardous / non-hazardous wastes requiring collection and treatment / disposal »Increased waste transport »Increasing number of disposal, treatment and incineration sites

African Centre for Statistics V. Waste indicator development using DPSIR (cont’d) State »Fragile / contaminated sites »Water / soil contamination »Emissions of gasses Impacts »Human health »Epidemic diseases »Disruption of scenic landscape »Odours

African Centre for Statistics V. Waste indicator development using DPSIR (cont’d) Responses »Waste management which includes Waste collection Transport Recovery or disposal Management of disposal sites Controlled landfill sites Incineration Recycling »Waste minimization »Cost recovery »Informal sector (non-observed economy)

African Centre for Statistics VI. Indicators of waste in the UNSD / UNEP Questionnaire Generation of waste by source (Thousand tons) 1. Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC 01-03) 2. Mining and quarrying (ISIC 05-09) 3. Manufacturing (ISIC 10-33) 4. Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35) 5. Construction (ISIC 41-43) 6. Other economic activities excluding ISIC Households 8. Total waste generation (= )

African Centre for Statistics VI. Indicators of waste in the UNSD / UNEP Questionnaire (cont’d) Management of hazardous waste (tons) 1. Stock of hazardous waste at the beginning of the year 2. Hazardous waste generated during the year 3. Hazardous waste imported during the year 4. Hazardous waste exported during the year 5. Hazardous waste treated or disposed of during the year –6. Amounts going to recycling –7. Amounts going to incineration –8. Amounts going to landfill –9. Amounts going to other, 10. Stock of hazardous waste at the end of the year (= )

African Centre for Statistics VI. Indicators of waste in the UNSD / UNEP Questionnaire (cont’d) Management of municipal waste (thousand tons) 1. Municipal waste collected from households 2. Municipal waste collected from other origins 3. Total amount of municipal waste collected (=1+2) 4. Municipal waste imported for treatment / disposal 5. Municipal waste exported for treatment / disposal 6. Municipal waste managed in the country (=3+4-5) 7. Amounts going to recycling 8. Amounts going to composting 9. Amounts going to incineration 10. of which with energy recovery 11. Amounts going to landfill 12. of which controlled landfill 13. Others 14. Percentage of total population served by municipal waste collection 15. Percentage of urban population served by municipal waste collection 16. Percentage of rural population served by municipal waste collection

African Centre for Statistics VI. Indicators of waste in the UNSD / UNEP Questionnaire (cont’d) Management of municipal waste (city data) 1. Total population of the city 2. Percentage of city population served by municipal waste collection 3. Municipal waste collected from households 4. Municipal waste collected from other origins 5. Total amount of municipal waste collected (=3+4) 6. Amounts going to recycling 7. Amounts going to composting 8. Amounts going to incineration 9. of which with energy recovery 10. Amounts going to landfill 11. of which controlled landfill 12. Others

African Centre for Statistics VII. Other waste indicators NEPAD Environment Initiative Indicators on waste Solid waste collection by type Total hazardous waste generated Exposure to heavy metals and toxic chemicals Percentage share of population served by municipal waste collection Share of urban / rural population served by municipal waste collection Per capita waste collected Percentage of population with access to waste disposal services Waste indicator in the MDGs Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility Waste indicators in ISD Generation of hazardous wastes (Core indicator) Management of radioactive waste (Other indicator) Waste treatment and disposal (Core indicator) Generation of waste (Other indicator)

African Centre for Statistics United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Thank you