Macromolecules part 4 dna

Central Dogma of Biology DNA  mRNA  protein DNA TRANSCRIBES to mRNA – What does transcribe mean??? – To COPY – Process is called transcription – Copy the message from DNA mRNA TRANSLATES to proteins – To go from the language of “nucleic acids” to the language of “proteins” we need to TRANSLATE the message – Process is called translation – mRNA actually makes amino acids, which come together to make proteins

Monomer: Nucleotide – Structure of a Nucleotide Made of a phosphate group, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and nitrogenous base Polymer: Chain of nucleotides (nucleic acids) – Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Nucleic Acids

DNA vs. RNA: What’s The Difference??? – DNA genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms – Instructions to make RNA and proteins long-term storage of information NITROGENOUS BASES: – Pyrimidines: cytosine and thyminecytosinethymine – Purines: guanine and adenineguanine adenine – A binds to T and G binds to C in the polymer DNA – RNA messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes essential carrier molecule for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis Three types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA NITROGENOUS BASES: – Pyrimidines: cytosine and uracilcytosine – Purines: guanine and adenineguanineadenine – A binds to U and G binds to C in the polymer RNA