1. DNA and RNA

2. Nucleotides DNA and RNA are composed of several nucleotides.
A nucleotide contains a sugar, a phospate and a nitrogenous base (A, U (rna), T, C, or G)

3. Backbone structure of RNA & DNA
Both backbones of DNA & RNA are composed of repeated sequences of sugars (deoxyribose or ribose) and phosphates

4. DNA = DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
RNA = RiboNucleic Acid

5. About DNA Double stranded (2 strands)
Four bases (A, T, C, G: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine)
A&T are always paired; G&C are always paired
Double helix shaped
Deoxyribose (sugar)

6. DNA Chemical substance in all living things
Controls the functions of cells
Located in the _________.
DNA controls what cells will become (specialize), and what type of organism will be produced (human, bird, etc)

7. About RNA Single stranded (1 strand) Protein synthesis
Four bases A, U, C, and G
U = Uracil
A & U are always paired; G&C are always paired
Ribose (sugar)

8. Types of RNA
mRNA (messenger RNA): brings instructions from DNA inside of the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

9. Types of RNA
rRNA (ribosomal RNA): uses instructions from the mRNA to assemble amino acids
tRNA (Transfer RNA): transfers amino acids to the ribosomes so that they can make PROTEINS.

10. The flow of information goes from DNA to RNA, and finally to proteins.
The Central Dogma
DNA→RNA→Proteins
The flow of information goes from DNA to RNA, and finally to proteins.

11. Transcription
A double stranded DNA helix unzips and a single strand of mRNA is created.
Refer to p

12. Translation
When the nitrogenous bases (A, U, C, and G) from mRNA are converted into amino acids that will later make proteins.