From King James I to Queen Anne House of Stuart (1603-1714) From King James I to Queen Anne

The House of Tudor dominated the English Renaissance 1485-1660. King Henry VII King Henry VIII King Edward VI Queen Mary I

died childless 1603, thus opening the door for a new royal house. Last, but not least . . . Queen Elizabeth I died childless 1603, thus opening the door for a new royal house.

King James I (James VI of Scotland; Elizabeth’s 2nd cousin) 1603-1625

James I: A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman James lacked Elizabeth’s ability to resolve critical issues. He was a spendthrift; he was thick-tongued and goggle-eyed; he was a foreigner.

But James I tried hard. Wrote in favor of the divine right of kings and against tobacco A patron of Shakespeare Sponsored the new English translation of the Bible An admirable man; a peaceful ruler

King Charles I (Son of James I) 1625-1649

The difficulties of James’ reign became impossibilities to Charles. Charles was remote, autocratic, and self-destructive.

Charles I is beheaded in 1649.

Interregnum Oliver Cromwell (Puritan), “Lord Protector”1653-1658

Restoration King Charles II (son of Charles I) 1660-1685

The end of the English Renaissance is marked by the return of the exiled king in 1660. Political and secular values began to challenge the accepted doctrines of religion.

King James II (Catholic brother of Charles II) 1685-1688

When Charles II died, his brother became James II. James II was not well-received because he was Catholic. James's second wife gave birth to a son in 1688, and a Roman Catholic dynasty became likely.

In 1688, William and Mary invaded England to dethrone the unpopular James II in the Glorious (“Bloodless”) Revolution.

King William III (Houses of Orange & Stuart; Charles II’s cousin) and Queen Mary II (William’s first cousin; James II’s daughter) 1688-1702

The Crown was offered to Mary, James’ Protestant daughter, but was accepted jointly by the two, who ruled as the only joint monarchs in British history.

Mary II died of smallpox in 1694, and William III continued to reign alone until his death in 1702.

Queen Anne (James II’s daughter/Mary II’s sister) 1702-1714 The Last Stuart Queen Anne (James II’s daughter/Mary II’s sister)

Under the Acts of Union 1707, England and Scotland were united as a single state, the Kingdom of Great Britain. Anne became its first sovereign, while still holding the title Queen of Ireland.

Anne's reign was marked by the development of a two-party system: Whig and Tory

The Whig party (short for Whiggamore, originally the name of a Scottish group that opposed Charles I) favored reform, the rights of the people, Parliamentary power, and tolerance for religious dissenters.

The Tory party (from the Irish word for robber) wanted to maintain prerogatives of the Crown and the authority of the Church of England.

Anne personally preferred the Tory Party, but "endured" the Whigs.

Writers such as Daniel Defoe, Alexander Pope, and Jonathan Swift flourished during Anne's reign.

Anne was succeeded by her second cousin, George I, of the House of Hanover, a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother, Elizabeth, daughter of James I.

George I (House of Hanover), great-grandson of James I 1714-1727

Whig dominance grew to be so great under George I that the Tories did not return to power for another half-century.