ACTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS Active constructions in relative clauses are reduced to –ing participles *If the relative clause contains verb (to) be, omit the pronouns and be form: Ex: The man who is sitting on the desk is an English teacher. The man sitting on the desk is an English teacher. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

If the verb of the relative clause is not be, omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to its –ing form. Ex: The students who come to English Club learn English well. The students coming to English Club learn English well. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS Passive constructions in relative clauses are reduced to PAST PARTICIPLES (V3) If the relative clause contains verb (to) be, omit the pronouns and be form: Ex: The report which was prepared for the seminar was not accepted. The report prepared for the seminar was not accepted. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

TO BE When relative clauses containing verb to be are reduced, the remaining parts could be: -ing participle -past participle -a prepositional phrase -an adjective -an adverb of location (see page 3 of grammar pack for examples) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES INTO INFINITIVE PHRASES Relative clauses containing ordinal numbers (the first, the last etc) and superlative forms are replaced by infinitive phrases. Mr. Brown was the first guest who came to the party. Mr. Brown was the first guest to come to the party. Relative Clauses containing “the only”: Ayşe is the only girl who will be promoted. Ayşe is the only girl to be promoted. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

REDUCTION OF NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES A non-defining relative clause is placed at the beginning of the sentence after it is reduced: Ankara, which is the capital city of Turkey, has an interesting story. Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, has an interesting story. The capital city of Turkey, Ankara has an interesting story. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

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