1 Bio 101 Laboratories 11 & 12 Muscle Histology Gross Human Skeletal Muscle Cat Muscle Dissection

2 What you should do in labs 11 & 12 … Lab 11 –Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) –Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy Lab 12 –Cat muscle dissection –Review muscle histology –Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy

3 Histology of Muscle Tissue Three types of muscle tissue you will need to view under the microscope –Skeletal –Cardiac w/intercalated disc –Smooth ( histological preparation) See Activity 3 & 4, Exercise 6 in Marieb’s Lab Manual; Muscle Tissue Characteristics Complete item #19 (table), Review Sheet 6 (in Exercise 6). This will give you a good comparison table to study for the lab exam (you don’t have to hand this in)

4 Skeletal Muscle Major characteristics –Contractile –Voluntary –Striated –Multinucleated –Unbranched Major Functions –Voluntary movement –Heat generation

5 Skeletal Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, multinucleated, non-branched

6 Cardiac Muscle Major characteristics –Contractile –Involuntary –Striated –Single nucleus –Branched –Intercalated discs Major Function –Pump blood

7 Cardiac Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated disks

8 Smooth Muscle Major characteristics –Contractile –Involuntary –NOT Striated –Single, centrally located nucleus –Unbranched Major Function –Controls size/shape of organs –Constricts blood vessels

9 Smooth Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Not striated, mononucleated, and non-branched Cytology Histology

10 Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy Use Figures and 13.3 in Marieb’s Exercise 13 for an overview. Look at your Study Guide for a list of the muscles for which you’ll be responsible on the lab exam Also refer to the Human Muscle Table in your Laboratory Guide for the muscles you’ll have to be able to identify for the lab exam. Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, in Marieb’s Laboratory Manual to view the superficial anatomy of the human skeletal muscles. (Especially important for clinical practice)

11 Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy Muscular system –All skeletal muscles that can be controlled voluntarily –Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans Shape or appearance give clues to function –Locomotion and posture; work across joints Origin – point of muscle attachment that moves least Insertion – point of muscle attachment that moves most –Support soft tissue; sheets between bony tissue –Guard body entrances/exits; encircle opening

12 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles –Direction Orientation relative to body midline Rectus, transverse, oblique –Size Relative size of muscle Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus, vastus –Shape Relative shape of muscle Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid

13 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles –Action Principle action Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator –Number of origins Number of tendons of origin Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4) –Location Temporalis, femoris –Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in name) Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid

14 Muscles of the Head * * * * * Notice how the origins and insertions work… Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle

15 Muscles of the Upper Body ** * * * * *

16 Muscles of the Upper Body * * * * *

17 Muscles of the upper limb * * * * * * * * * *

18 Muscles of the Anterior Forearm * * * * *

19 Muscles of the Posterior Forearm

20 Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

21 Muscles that Move the Foot * *

22 Muscles that Move the Foot * * * * *

23 Cat Dissection Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 of Marieb’s Laboratory Manual. Use the Cat Dissection Guideline handout distributed today; using the scalpel, blunt probe and gloved fingers… Refer to your Laboratory Guide handout for a list of the cat muscles you’ll need to identify for the lab exam. Note: –Some muscles are superficial and some are deep –It’s best to do superficial dissection on one side of the cat, and deep dissection on the other Do NOT under any circumstances cut through the thoracic or abdominal walls! When cutting muscles (if you do), always cut them across their long axis

24 Gastrocnemius Sartorius Xiphihumeralis Pectoralis major Pectoantebrachialis Pectoralis minor External oblique Gracilis Tibialis anterior * * * * * * * *

25 Biceps femoris Tensor fasciae latae Gluteal muscles Lumbodorsal fascia Acromiotrapezius Spinodeltoid Clavodeltoid Clavotrapezius Levator scapulae ventralis Spinotrapezius Latissimus dorsi External oblique Sartorius Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius * * * * * * * * * * * Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid *

26 Clavotrapezius Sternomastoid Mylohyoid Digastric muscles Sternohyoid ID neck muscles by photograph only * *

27 Pectoralis minor Pectoantebrachialis Pectoralis major Xiphihumeralis * * *

28 Rectus abdominis Xiphihumeralis Pectoralis major Pectoantebrachialis Pectoralis minor External oblique * * * **

29 Pectoantebrachialis Xiphihumeralis Latissimus dorsi * *

30 Internal oblique External oblique (cut and reflected ) Rectus abdominis Transversus abdominis * * * *

31 Serratus ventralis Rectus abdominis Pectoralis major Pectoantebrachialis * * * * (anterior)

32 Lumbodorsal fascia Latissimus dorsi Spinotrapezius Acromiotrapezius Spinodeltoid Clavotrapezius Clavodeltoid Acromiodeltoid Levator scapulae ventralis * * * * * * *

33 Latissimus dorsi Clavotrapezius Acromiotrapezius Spinotrapezius * * * * Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius

34 Clavodeltoid Acromiodeltoid Spinodeltoid Latissimus dorsi Spinotrapezius Acromiotrapezius Levator scapulae ventralis Clavotrapezius Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid * * * * * * *

35 Pronator teres Triceps brachii (medial head) Biceps brachii Brachioradialis * * * *

36 Triceps brachii Epitrochlearis Biceps brachii Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum profundus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis * * * * *

37 Epitrochlearis Flexor carpi ulnaris Pronator teres Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum profundus Brachioradialis Biceps brachii * * * *

38 Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum lateralis Extensor digitorum communis Triceps brachii (lateral head) Triceps brachii (long head) Spinodeltoid Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Clavotrapezius Acromiodeltoid Clavodeltoid * * * * * * *

39 Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads) Clavodeltoid Brachioradialis * * *

40 Gracilis Sartorius * *

41 Pectineus Tensor fasciae latae Rectus femoris Fascia lata Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Semimembranosus Adductor femoris Adductor longus * * * * * * *

42 Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor femoris Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Semimembranosus Vastus lateralis * * * * * *

43 Flexor digitorum longus Plantaris Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior * *

44 Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Flexor digitorum longus * * *

45 Biceps femoris Tensor fasciae latae Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Caudofemoralis Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius * * * * * *

46 Caudofemoralis Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Biceps femoris Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius * * * * *

47 Soleus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis muscles Gastrocnemius * * *

48 Remaining Labs for Semester… Lab 13 – Nervous System –Human Brain, Spinal Cord – Marieb Exercise 17,19 –Sheep brain - Marieb Exercise 17 Lab 14 –Eye Anatomy – Marieb Exercise 23 –Ear Anatomy – Marieb Exercise 25 –(We will not be doing any physiology on special senses in lab) Lab Exam 3 - Fri Lab – Friday, 8:30 am - Monday Lab – Monday 8:30 am