Today’s Schedule – 3/20/13  Discuss Final Schedule  Cuba PPT  Reminder Have Spring Portfolio topic approved  HW: Rd. Cold War Section Complete Focus Questions

Cuba (Eisenhower)  1959 – Castro becomes leader  Initial US support Public ○ Quickly changes under media coverage Government ○ Land redistribution ○ Nationalization of foreign property ○ Refusal in loan requests  Soviet Union support Trade agreement  Sugar embargo  CIA training Cuban refugees

The Cold War – JFK & Cuba

BAY OF PIGS

“Special Group” Report / Operation Pluto  A PROGRAM OF COVERT ACTION AGAINST THE CASTRO REGIME 1. Objective: The purpose of the program outlined herein is to bring about the replacement of the Castro regime with one more devoted to the true interests of the Cuban people and more acceptable to the U.S. in such a manner to avoid any appearance of U.S. intervention.

The Bay of Pigs Fiasco / “Operation Zapata”  Kennedy supports “anti-Castro forces in exile”  April, —Invasion 1,400 Cuban exiles land without expected U.S. military support Defeated within 48 hours  Kennedy takes responsibility in defiant speech against “communist penetration” Embarrassed by CIA ○ “The first advice I'm going to give my successor is to watch the generals and to avoid feeling that because they were military men their opinions on military matters were worth a damn.”

JFK INTENSIFIES COLD WAR

Kennedy Intensifies the Cold War  John F. Kennedy a "Cold Warrior"  Kennedy advisors support U.S. hard line against Russia

Flexible Response  Arms Buildup conventional armed forces the nuclear arsenal Special Forces  U.S. strength tempts new administration to challenge U.S.S.R.

Crisis over Berlin  Khrushchev renews threat again to give Berlin to East Germany  Kennedy’s response announce crisis on nationwide television call up the National Guard  Soviets retreat  Berlin Wall built

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

"Nuclear catastrophe was hanging by a thread... and we weren't counting days or hours, but minutes."

 October, Soviet nuclear missiles confirmed in Cuba  Plan to blockade, invade Cuba  October 22--Kennedy informs Americans of Cuban Missile Crisis  October 24 – SU ships advance to “quarantine” line  October 28--Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles from Cuba Public: US never to invade Cuba Secret: US to dismantle IRBMs in Europe and Turkey  Establishes “Hotline” between US & SU

 Political Kennedy’s popularity soars Democrats gain in Congressional elections  Diplomatic effects Moderation of the Cold War Russians begin naval, nuclear buildup