1. Cuban Missile Crisis

2. Soviet Global Policy Soviet foreign policy changes with the death of Stalin. The Soviet Union becomes interested in the Third World – backing national liberation movements

4. What was the background to the events in Cuba? Cuba, small island, 80 miles from coast of Florida US ally, US businesses & US military base (Guantanamo) 1959, Fidel Castro overthrows Battista (US- backed dictator) establishes Communist government. Why was Cuba so important to the Americans?

5. How successful were early attempts at “Containment”? Castro takes over US businesses January 1961, US breaks off diplomatic relations April, 1961, Bay of Pigs – 1,400 anti-Cuban exiles attempted to overthrow Castro Autumn 1962, Cuba has received thousands of USSR missiles, jets, boats & personnel The US committed $100 million to overthrowing Castro, the CIA tried to sabotage the economy, they even planned to send him an exploding cigar!

6. Why was the USSR interested in helping Cuba? Cuba was a new Communist state Cuba provided a launch base for USSR inter- continental missiles (ICMs) Khrushchev wanted to test strength of new US president, JFK Khrushchev wanted to force JFK into bargaining over US missiles in Europe Why does this cartoonist think that Khrushchev was interested in Cuba?

7. Cuban Missile Crisis http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/whowonthecubanmissilecrisisrev3.shtml

8. Brief Chronology May, 1962: Khrushchev makes veiled references to a plot (How would the U.S. feel to have missiles pointing at them, as they have missiles pointed at us?) October 14: U2 recon. flight over Cuba spots sites installing nuclear missiles October 15: Presence of missiles is confirmed

9. Cuban Missile Crisis

12. Chronology of Events October 16: President Kennedy notified October 16-22: Secret deliberations on what should be done 3 possible options: (1)Attack Cuban missiles (2)Attack Cuban missiles and invade (3)Quarantine *Much pressure on JFK from “Hawks” after Bay of Pigs

13. Chronology of Events October 22: Kennedy tells nation his plan for blockade and quarantine October 24: Naval quarantine begins and successfully changes course of many Soviet ships

15. Chronology of Events October 25: One Soviet ship challenges naval quarantine; Kennedy lets it pass October 25: At the UN, Adlai Stevenson directly challenges the Soviet ambassador to admit to the existence of missiles, when the ambassador refuses, Stevenson wheels out pictures of the missile sites October 26: Soviets raise possibility for a deal: if we withdraw missiles will America promise not to invade Cuba?

16. Chronology of Events October 27: Soviets demand that Americans withdraw missiles from Turkey Kennedy tells Khrushchev that he will accept the proposal of not to invade Cuba, but that the Turkey missiles would not be part of the bargain, they would be removed in time. October 28: USSR agrees to withdraw missiles

17. Outcomes From Crisis  Perceived as great humiliation for Soviet Union

18. Outcomes From Crisis  “Eyeball to eyeball, they blinked first” – Dean Rusk, US Secretary of State  Hotline between Washington and Moscow created  1963 - Limited test Ban Treaty  1968 – Non Proliferation Treaty

19. Outcomes From Crisis  US promise not to invade Cuba  1963 - Jupiter missiles removed from Turkey  1964 – Cuban Missile Crisis cost Khrushchev his job