DNA Fingerprinting 1.How do we do it ? 2. What do we use it for?

DNA Fingerprinting – How it’s done DNA has two complementary strands

2. Extract DNA from cells – e.g. A blood sample containing white blood cells

3. Isolate DNA from cells & cut up DNA using enzymes

4. Heat DNA = single strands

5. Gene probe made = single strand complementary to part of DNA A fluorescent marker is added to it

6. Gene probe mixed with DNA sample Probe binds to complementary base sequence that is being looked for

7. DNA & probe is separated using gel electrophoresis Smaller fragments travel further through the gel 50 second animation – gel electrophoresis

8. UV Light shone on sample – locates fragments with fluorescent marker Smaller fragments travel further through the gel

Uses of DNA Fingerprinting

DNA Fingerprinting Naked Science video 5 mins Slightly more involved video 6 mins

Nanotechnology 1.How small is a nanometre? 2.Size-wise....What could you compare it to?

1 millionth of a mm!

1.Use particles around 100 nanometres long/wide. About the same size as some molecules. 2.Human hair is 100 thousand nanometres in diameter! Nanotechnology

1.Silver particles embedded in plastic reduce microbial growth 2. Food wrapping films that change colour e.g. when; Antibodies react with bacteria in food Nanoparticles react with oxygen – sign of damage Ripening fruit release gases Nanotechnology

1.Used to treat leukaemia – cancer of blood or bone marrow 2.Have potential to treat spinal cord injuries 3.In future, may be used to treat Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes. Stem Cells (B1 & B5)

1. Replace heart valves Biomedical Engineering BUPA animation – 3 mins

1.Artificial pacemakers in heart Biomedical Engineering pU0nBs