Transit areas along Red line in Downtown Los Angeles Manling Zhang Department of Public Policy

Policy question:  How do Transit Oriented Development (TODs) effect the transit zones and people.  Households (owner, renters, income)  People’s behavior (move in, driving)  House value (rent, housing unit value)  Development (affordable housing/retail stores/ hospitals) Resources: Census Tract, Census Block Group data

Methodology: study the change within a decade  Households and housing units  Housing units occupied by owners vs. renters  Change of demographic & behavior  Population moved in at different time  Driving  Median income  Development & affordable housing  Rent  Median value of housing units

Redline (heavy line) & construction history 7 th St/Metro Center Westlake/Macarthur Park Pershing Square Civic Center Wilshire/Vermont Union Station opened in 1993 opened in 1996 Wilshire/Western

Los Angeles Metro line system

Part 1 Study Households and housing units

House units comparison 1990 vs There is an increase of housing units from 1990 to 200.

Housing units occupation Go up Go down

Observation  An increase in Housing units from 1990 to 2000  Comparing to 1990, in 2000, there was an increase of housing units after the construction of the transit stations near several transit stations such as Civic Center, Wilshire/ Vermont and Westlake Macarthur Park,  An decrease in owner occupied housing units  Near several stations such as Westlake Macarthur Park, Wilshire/ Vermont, owners tend to occupy less units  A increase in renter occupied  Housing units that occupied by renters near the stations mentioned earlier tend to decrease.

Part 2 Study Residents’ behavior & income

Demographic change Total drivers decreased from 2240 to 2214 Median income increased

Owner vs. Renter move in at different time From 1990 to 1994, owners & renters were moving in to the area with similar proportion From 1995 to 2000, renters moving into the area are much significant than the owners.

Observation  There is significant increase of household income around transit stations  From 1990 to 1994, owners & renters were moving in to the area with similar proportion  From 1995 to 1998, renters moving into the area are much significant than the owners.

Part 3 Development and affordable housing

Affordable housing vs. Rent - Rent tend to be higher near transit stations - Affordable housing limits the increase of rent.

Median Housing unit value - It seems that there is no significant relationship between transit stations and housing unit value.

Observation  Rent tend to be higher around transit stations  Affordable housing limit the increase of rent  Housing unit value seems unrelated to transit stations.

Policy recommendations:  Future study: Long run impact  Land appraisal  Dealing with concerns: Displacement, rent increase.  Recognizing goals of development

Skills used  Model (buffer and intersect)  Original data: affordable housing  Metadata  Measurement analysis  Inset Map  7-layout map  Graduated Symbols  Graduated colors  Buffering  Creating Indices  Attribute Sub-Selection

Metedata

Modeling: Buffer from metro stations Produced by: Manling Zhang