Industrial Revolution Chapter 23

Section 1: Advances in Technology O One invention builds upon another O ELECTRICTY –Michael Farady O Electric Generator O Light Bulb – Thomas Edison O Water generated power O Electric motors

Communication O Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell O Radio waves/wireless telegraph – Gugliano Marconi O Internal Combustion Engine O Automobiles – Daimler-Benz, Ford O Airplanes – Wright Brothers O Aerodynamics- scientific principles governing the movement of air around objects

Section 2: Advances in Science and Medicine O Cell Theory O Biological Sciences – biology and genetics, deal with living organisms O Physical Science – properties of nonliving matter and energy O Astronomy, geology, physics, chemistry O Cells – tiny units of living matter O Theodore Swann and Mathias Schleiden

Evolution O Why such a variety of plants and animals? O Evolution – development through change O Charles Darwin O “no two living things are exactly alike” O Survival of the fittest O Does NOT challenge the existence of God O Gregor Mendel – 1850’s O Genetics –the study of how the inborn characteristics of plants and animals are inherited by their descendants

Albert Einstein – 1905 O Published four papers that would forever change physics O 1 st : basic concepts of mechanics = ATOMS O 2 nd : nature of light O 3 rd : Special Theory of Relativity O No particles can move faster than speed of light O Does not make sense of absolute motion, space, and time O 4 th : E = mc^2 O Energy = mass x speed of light, squared O No longer 3 dimensions of length, breadth, depth O 4 th dimensions = space-time continuum

Section 3: Rise of Social Sciences O Social Science - branches of knowledge that scientifically study people as members of society O Economics O History O Political Institutions O Human Relations

O Archaeology – study of human culture through artifacts O Anthropology – study of different societies both past and present O Sociology – study of human relations in society O Psychology – studies the mind and human behavior

Section 4: Society and Culture in Industrial Age O Emigration O Movement of people who move from their native lands to a new land O Move for jobs O High demand for labor O Cities Grow O Most factories in cities O At first, can’t keep up with population growth O Lack of sanitation O Lack of housing O TENEMENTS - multi-family dwellings

Technological Advances O CITIES START TO IMPROVE EVERYDAY LIFE O Public Sewers O Paved Streets O Street lights O Cities provide social services O Automobile allows people to move to suburbs O Refrigerators O Health O Vitamins O Doctor visits

O EDUCATION O Governments offer FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION O Laws passed requiring children to attend school O Women O Guaranteed elementary, but no high school O Women fight for right to attend high school and go on to college O EFFECTS of: O People know more about world around them O Political O Current events O More people can read O Magazines, books, newspapers

Leisure and Cultural Activities O Sports O Museums O Libraries O Concert halls O Public parks O WITH MONEY BEING MADE, PEOPLE START TO TRAVEL AND HAVE FUN

Section 5: Artistic O Romanticism O Artistic movement that appealed to the imagination and spirit of individuality O Realism O Dealing with everyday life and social settings O Naturalists O Showed unpleasant aspects of everyday life O Impressionists O Vivid impressions of people and places O Studied light and color