1. The Automobile Benz Ford First gasoline- driven auto

2. Internal Combustion Engine  1903  First successful powered airplane flight (12 seconds)  aerodynamics Wright Brothers

3. Communications  Marconi’s radio WirelessWireless Electromagnetic wavesElectromagnetic waves Ship to shipShip to ship Ship to shoreShip to shore  Bell’s telephone

4. The Industrial Age The Industrial Revolution’s effects on science, communication, transportation, medicine, education, culture, and the arts.

5. Electricity  Michael Faraday  Developed the dynamo—electric generator  Powered by steam engine  Used to power machines

6. Advances in Technology  Incandescent light bulb 1879 (lasted 2 days)  Phonograph  Kinetoscope  Menlo Park Lab  1000 patents Thomas Edison

7. Cell Theory—basic unit of life Every new cell must come from some older cell. Only living matter can produce new living matter. Rudolf Virchow

8. Lamarck’s Evolution Living things changed their form due to their environment

9. Darwin Tree of life—all things originate from one common ancestor— humans evolved from animals. Survival of the Fittest=Natural Selection

10. Effects of Darwinism  Separated science and religion  Social Darwinism--natural selection applied to society  Used as an argument for the “necessity” of poverty  Racism  Genocide  Eugenics  Imperialism/Colonialism Holocaust

11. Fight Against Disease Pasteurization= heating liquids to prevent bacteria and fermentation Anesthesia & Antiseptics Louis Pasteur Anthrax and rabies vaccines

12. Other medical developments:  Edward Jenner Smallpox vaccineSmallpox vaccine 17961796  Robert Koch Discovers germs that cause tuberculosis & Asiatic choleraDiscovers germs that cause tuberculosis & Asiatic cholera 18821882  Aspirin & Sulfa drugs  Alexander Fleming PenicillinPenicillin 19281928

13. Atomic Theory Mendeleyev’s classification of elements.

14. Radioactivity and X-rays Wilhelm Rontgen: X-ray Curies: Radioactivity

15. Quantum Theory  Max Planck 19001900 Energy could be released only in definite “packages”, or quantaEnergy could be released only in definite “packages”, or quanta

16. Einstein & Relativity Energy=mass multiplied by the speed of light squared Means that a small amount of mass can become a great amount of energy

17. Freud & Psychiatry  Unconscious determines behavior  Hypnotized patients  “couch therapy”  Wanted to eliminate guilt  Thought religion was a mental illness.  Believed all forms of love were sexual in nature.

18. Freud “Religion is an illusion and it derives its strength from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires.” “Religion is an illusion and it derives its strength from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires.”

19.  What would be the results if one eliminated guilt?

20. Effects of Freud  Sexual Revolution  Bad habits are defined as diseases  One is not responsible for poor behavior  Loss of faith

21. Emigration Move to industrialized cities for jobs Move to industrialized cities for jobs Travel was easier and safer Travel was easier and safer Oppression (Armenian genocide by Muslims) Oppression (Armenian genocide by Muslims) Discrimination (Jews & Slavs Discrimination (Jews & Slavs Economic hardship (Irish Potato Famine) Economic hardship (Irish Potato Famine) Settle territories Settle territories

23. Shift to Cities Cities are forced to deal with crowed streets, sanitation issues, garbage, crime, etc.

24. Move to the Suburbs Public transportation, (like trolleys and trains) and automobiles make it possible.

25. Sanitation Sewer systems and flushing toilets.

26. Diet and Refrigeration Children with rickets (caused by a vitamin D deficiency). The first electric refrigerators.

27. Public Education Universal Universal Compulsory Compulsory Need for literate workers Need for literate workers

28. Women’s Education Women’s education movement is linked to the women’s suffrage (vote) movement. Women’s education movement is linked to the women’s suffrage (vote) movement. Emily Davies: women’s education advocate & suffragette.

29. Leisure theatre baseball Public Parks basketball

30. Romanticism Sentimental Sentimental Appealed to the imagination Appealed to the imagination Idealized nature & the past Idealized nature & the past Emphasized emotion & instinct Emphasized emotion & instinct Glorified the past, especially the Middle Ages Glorified the past, especially the Middle Ages

31. Literature

32. Music

33. Art

35. Gothic Revival

36. Photography Saved Yellowstone

37. War Correspondent Matthew Brady

38. Capturing Poverty

39. Realism Artists dealt with reality Artists dealt with reality Detailed ordinary life Detailed ordinary life Social and economic themes Social and economic themes

40. Regionalism Mark Twain Everyday life in a certain region.

41. Naturalists Focused on the ugly sordid parts of life.

42. Impressionists Tried to give vivid impressions of people and places, paying close attention to light and color. Monet & Renoir

43. “Art for art’s sake” Did not require art to have purpose or even meaning. Art becomes more “abstract”.