Dr Keith Lovegrove Head – Solar Thermal, IT Power Group, (with acknowledgements to Steve Edwards, Josh Jordan, Juergen Peterseim, Hugh Saddler, Jay Rutovitz, Muriel Watt, Joe Wyder)

Current industrial use 2 Temperature  Heating water / steam  Drying  Ovens  Chemical feedstock

Viable technology solutions  Biomass if a low cost suitable biomass resource is available convenient to the location.  Solar heating of water or steam at temperatures below approximately 250 o C in areas of reasonable solar resources.  Hot sedimentary aquifers for low temperature (< 100 o C) process heat where a resource exists nearby to the point of use  Heat pumps for < 100 o C if $/MWh(electricity) less than 30 times $GJ (gas)  Non renewable resources such as coal, mine waste gas, other waste etc, ( each with their own issues.) 3

4 Altmark biomethane plant in Germany 1,650m 3 biogas per hour from mixed feedstock Examples 10MW th solar thermal trough array for 250°C, at a copper mine in the Atacama Desert Chile. De Bortoli winery Griffith NSW,100 x 30 tube collectors to deliver 12,000L of water per day, at 95°C 8 MW th boiler using grape spent grape marc at Australian Tartaric site in Victoria

Costs for biomass: Capital + Fuel  Capital cost has strong dependence on size  Almost independent of technology or temperature of use 5 Boilers or gasifiers Digestors  Fuel not universally available  Cost ranges from zero upward

Prospective Opportunities for Bioenergy  Locations where:  There is access to a low cost bioenergy supply eg a waste stream close by  Solar energy or other renewable options are not as prospective  Prospective industries include:  Food and beverage manufacturing  Meat processing  Pulp and paper manufacturing 6

7 Costs for solar thermal: Capital only, depends on temperature & size

8 Assumptions: 7.5% on 60% debt, 10% on equity, 15 year depreciation, 20yrs life…

Prospective opportunities for Solar Thermal  Industries where:  Gas is used for low to medium temperature applications (50 – 500 o C)  Locations where:  Appropriate waste streams are not readily available or biomass transportation and storage costs are prohibitive  There is a large amount of solar radiation  Land (including roof space) is available at low or no cost  Prospective industries might therefore include:  Food & beverage  Dairy  Minerals and resource processing  Meat processing, abattoirs  Chemicals manufacturing  Fertiliser manufacturing 9

10 Thank for your attention For more information, options-for-australian-industrial-gas-users/