Review for Imperialism Test Make sure you have definitions for the following Vocabulary: ImperialismProtectorateSphere of InfluenceJihad MissionaryElitePashaGenocide ConcessionSatiSepoyViceroy DeforestationPurdahtrade surplustrade deficit indemnityextraterritoriality

Essay Question Theme: Imperialism Historical Context: There are many explanations why European nations chose to imperialize other non- industrialized nations of the world over the course of the 19 th century. They include the needs of industrialization as well as issues of international prestige. Task: 1.Define the term, “Imperialism.” 2.Discuss at least two reasons that motivated European nations to seek colonies. 3.State your position on European imperialism, citing at least two positive or negative developments that came as result of imperialism.

Imperialism Domination by one country of the political, economic or cultural life of another country or region. Motivated by ▫Economics (need for raw materials/markets) ▫Military (bases for resupply/protection) ▫Nationalism (power/prestige/nationalism) ▫Arrogance/Humanitarian (Europeans thought they were superior  bringing civilization)

Reasons for European success Modern Industrial economies Stable governments Advanced technology Wealth Non-western societies in decline

Imperialism in Africa Africa unexplored in early 1800s Explorers/missionaries seek to “civilize” King Leopold II (Belgium) begins “Scramble for Africa” Berlin Conference  Africa divided among European powers / no African voice Britain controlled Northeastern and Southern Africa; France controlled Northwestern and Central Africa African Resistance: Zulu (Shaka) in South; Ethiopia (Menlik II in East)

Imperialism in the Muslim World Muslim powers were weak; corruption widespread Reform movements emerged (fundamentalist) ▫Wahhabi movement in Arabia ▫Mahdi in Sudan Ottoman Empire being torn apart by nationalist movements (Romania, Greece, etc.) Christian Armenians victims of genocide by Turks (accused of assisting Russians) Iran’s attractive to Russia (North) and British (East ); discovery of oil  even more important

Imperialism in India British used India’s diversity to weaken and control it Sepoy Rebellion: Indians angry over disregard for their religion  rise up  put down British bring western reforms to Indian education and law Changes give rise to Indian nationalist movements: ▫Indian National Congress ▫Muslim League

Imperialism in China Opium War: Chinese try to prevent sale of British Opium  defeated /forced to accept treaty Treaty of Nanjing: Indemnity to be paid; Hong Kong to Britain; Ports opened; Extraterritoriality Taiping Rebellion: Chinese Rise up against British; defeated & forced to accept more reforms Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats China sending other powers signal of China’s weakness; other powers establish spheres of influence Chinese Nationalism: Sun Yixian and the Three Principles of the People