Midterm Review
What invention made the discovery of cells possible, therefore, greatly contributing to the cell theory
Light Microscope
Who invented the compound microscope and looked at pond water?
Anton Leeuwenhoek
Who coined the term “cell”?
Robert Hooke
What was Rudolph Virchow’s contribution to the cell theory?
Cell come from pre-existing cells
Who discovered that animals were made of cells?
Theodor Schwann
Who discovered that plants were made of cells?
Matthias Schlieden
What are the 3 parts to the cell theory? 3pts
1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. 3. Cells only come from preexisting cells.
The following describes what type of cell: – have no organelles, always unicellular. Ex-bacteria
Prokaryotic
The following describes what type of cell: – Have organelles including a nucleus to store genetic info., much larger than prokaryotes, unicellular & multicellular. Ex- all cells, but bacteria
Eukaryotic
Name 2 organelles that plant cells have that animal cells do not.
Chloroplasts Cell wall
Name 2 functions of the cell membrane.
Maintain homeostasis Controls what enters and exits the cell Support recognize foreign antigens (germs).
What organic molecules make up cell membranes?
Phospholipids proteins
What gives plasma membranes strength?
Cholesterol
True or False: Polar head attracts water and nonpolar tails repel water.
True
True or False: Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
False
True or False: Facilitated diffusion is a form of active transport
False
Endocytosis, exocytosis, and “pump” proteins are all examples of what kind of transport?
active
Cells communicate using this kind of protein.
Receptor
What would a cell do in the following environments: Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic
Lysosomes to a body system.
Digestive system
What are cilia and flagella used for?
Movement
What does this measure?
Mass
What is the metric unit for length?
meter
An explanation for a broad range of observations, facts, and tested hypotheses is called a________________.
Theory
What is the term for a statement of fact meant to describe, in concise terms, an action? It is generally accepted to be true and universal.
Law
Name 3 characteristics of life. 3pts
Metabolism Homeostasis Growth and reproduction Evolution
Give an example of an abiotic factor and a biotic. 2pts
Abiotic: rock, water, pH Biotic: deer, humans, grass
What is the climax community in Virginia?
Hardwood forest (hickory and oak)
What is an example of a pioneer species?
Lichen (moss)
What biome do we live in?
Temperate forest
Give an example of the following: pts Heterotroph Autotroph
If rain seeps into the soil deeply enough it will become ______________.
Ground water
What geochemical process release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and oceans?
Volcanoes
What organism drives the nitrogen cycle?
Bacteria
What type of succession would happen after a Volcanoe?
Primary
What type of succession would happen after a fallen tree?
Secondary
What is carrying capacity?
The largest number of individuals of a population that an ecosystem can support.
The symbiotic relationship between a bee and a flower is called what?
Mutualism
What is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected?
Commensalism
What is a catalyst?
And enzyme that speeds up a reaction
How do enzymes speed up reactions?
By lowering the activation energy
1. The enzyme binds to a reactant in a chemical reaction called the ______________. 2. The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the ______________.
Substrate, active site
What is the name of the model in the last question?
Lock and key
Name the 4 macromolecules.
Protein, lipid, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
Give an example of a nucleic acid.
DNA, RNA
What is the monomer of lipids
Fatty acids and glycerol
Is water polar or nonpolar
polar
What is it called when water molecules stick to other water molecules?
Cohesion
Why is it important that ice floats on water?
It prevents lakes and ocean from freezing solid.
Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both —
store energy
Write out the entire reaction for photosynthesis.
Write out the entire reaction for cellular respiration.
What organelle does photosynthesis take place in?
Chloroplast
What organelle does cellular respiration take place in?
Mitochondria
What are the 2 steps in photosynthesis?
Light independent reactions Light dependent reactions
What are the 3 steps in Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain
What happens in glycolysis? And where does it occur? (2pts)
glucose is broken down to a smaller molecule called pyruvic acid (in cytoplasm)
How many ATP does Cellular Respiration produce?
34-38
The passing of electrons along a series of molecules, releasing energy as they go, is known as a(n) --
Electron transport chain
How many ATP does fermentation produce?
2