1. Biology Semester Exam

2. Using prior knowledge, logical thinking and creativity to make predictions.

3. Answer
Hypothesis

4. The variable that scientists measure in an experiment.

5. Answer
Responding variable

6. List the 5 of the 8 characteristics of life.

7. Answer All living things are: Made of cells Reproduce
Based on a universal genetic code (DNA)
Grow and develop
Obtain and use materials and energy (Metabolize)
Respond to their environment
Maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis)
Change over time (as a group)

8. Give an example of a stimulus that a plant might respond to.

9. Answer
Light, water, gravity

10. A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

11. Answer
Theory

12. The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions constant

13. Answer
Homeostasis

14. Give an example of a quantitative measurement/observation.

15. Answer
The plant is 5 cm Tall
The mass of the turtle is 230 g

16. Name the subatomic particle that is NOT found in the nucleus.

17. Answer
Electron

18. Name the subatomic particle that is transferred or shared when compounds are formed.

19. Answer
electron

20. Give an example of the cohesive nature of water

21. Answer
Water droplets forming on a leaf
Surface tension

22. What does it mean that water is a polar molecule?

23. Answer
The electrons are not equally shared by the oxygen and hydrogen.

24. What is the pH range for an acid?

25. Answer
Acid pH= 0-6.9

26. Monosaccharides are the building block for what organic compound?

27. Answer
Carbohydrates

28. Amino acids are the monomer for what macromolecule?

29. Answer
Protein

30. What type of organic molecule are enzymes?
What is the function of enzymes?

31. Answer
Protein
The function of enzymes are to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

32. Draw a picture of an enzyme catalyzed reaction and label the enzyme, substrate, active site and product.

33. Answer

34. Put the following in order from “smallest” to “largest”:
Species
Community
population
ecosystem

35. Answer
1-Species 2- Population 3- community 4-Ecosystem

36. Give an example of an autotroph and a heterotroph

37. Answer
Autotroph= Plants (trees, grass, flowers) Heterotroph= Animals (fish, birds, insects, mammals)

38. Sketch the carbon cycle and include the following in your sketch:
Photosynthesis,
Respiration
Decomposition
combustion

39. Answer

40. How are abiotic and biotic factors different?

41. Answer

42. How is mutualism different from commensalism?

43. Answer
Mutualism: BOTH organisms benefit Commensalism: One organism benefits while the other is not helped or harmed

44. How is primary succession different from secondary succession?

45. Answer
Primary succession starts with bare rock Secondary succession starts after a natural disaster or human intervention and soil is present

46. What is the climax community in the following locations:
1- Kent, Ohio
2- Nebraska
3- Northern Alaska

47. Answer
Kent= Temperate Deciduous forest Nebraska= Temperate grassland Northern Alaska= Tundra

48. 25 Oak trees per acre is an example of what characteristic of a population?

49. Answer
Population density (Number of organisms per unit area)

50. What does the range of a population tell you?

51. Answer
Range is also known as geographic distribution This is the area inhabited by a population

52. Create a sketch of a graph that represents logisitic growth:
Label the following sections
1- exponential growth
2- carrying capacity

53. Answer

54. Give 2 examples of each of the following:
1-Density dependent limiting factor
2-Density independent limiting factor

55. Answer Competition Predation Parasitism Disease Unusual weather
Density dependent
Density independent
Competition Predation Parasitism Disease
Unusual weather
Seasonal cycles
Natural disasters
Human activity

56. How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells?

57. Answer Larger More complex Have a NUCLEUS
Eukaryotic
Prokayotic
Larger
More complex
Have a NUCLEUS
Have membrane bound organelles
Smaller
Simpler
NO NUCLEUS
No membrane bound organelles

58. Which organelle makes proteins from coded information held in DNA?

59. Answer
Ribosome

60. Name the organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into usable energy for the cell.
What is this process called?

61. Answer
Mitochondria; Cellular respiration

62. Name the 3 structures only found in plant cells and the 1 structure only found in animal cells.

63. Answer
Plants
Animals
Cell wall
Central vacuole
Chloroplast
Centriole

64. Diffusion of water across a semi-permiable membrane.

65. Answer
Osmosis

66. The movement of a material against the gradient which requires energy.

67. Answer
Active transport

68. Sketch a cell in a hypotonic solution and draw arrows to show the movement of water.

69. Answer

70. How is energy released from ATP?

71. Answer
When a phosphate is broken off energy is released

72. What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

73. Answer
Water and Carbon dioxide

74. Sketch a chloroplast and label the following:
Granum, thylakoid, stroma

75. Answer

76. What are the products of photosynthesis?

77. Answer
Glucose and Oxygen

78. What are the 2 reactants for cellular respiration?

79. Answer
Glucose and Oxygen

80. Aerobic respiration requires ________

81. Answer
Oxygen

82. What physical effect is the result of lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells?

83. Answer
Muscle soreness

84. What is the end result of mitosis and cytokinesis?

85. Answer
Two identical diploid daughter cells

86. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell?

87. Answer
Metaphase

88. Name the fiber like structures that attach to chromosomes and help to pull them apart.
What phase of mitosis does this occur in?

89. Answer
Spindle; They pull chromosomes apart during ANAPHASE

90. Draw a chromosome and label the centromere and sister chromatids.

91. Answer

92. What are the end results of meiosis
What are the end results of meiosis? (Note: include 3 things in your response)

93. Answer
4 genetically different haploid cells

94. Functions of this organic compound include: protecting organs, insulating the body and storing energy for the long term.

95. Answer
Lipids

96. The function of this organic compound is to store genetic information.

97. Answer
Nucleic acids