Consequences of Conflict on N. Ireland. Peaceful Protest Marches vs Violence Civil Rights movements started in 1960s : - demanded equal rights - protested.

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Presentation transcript:

Consequences of Conflict on N. Ireland

Peaceful Protest Marches vs Violence Civil Rights movements started in 1960s : - demanded equal rights - protested against unfair treatment of the Catholics - made peaceful demands for basic rights such as housing, jobs, education and voting - Civil Rights Movement in 1968 was a beginning of the period called the ‘Troubles’

How did the Protestants react to these marches? - Protestants reacted with hostility and violence - Saw the movement as an attempt to weaken the government

In 1969, -the British Army was sent to Northern Ireland to help keep peace - Catholics welcomed their protectors (thought that the British Army was neutral)

In 1971, -N. Ireland government introduced the ‘internment laws’ -These laws gave the British Army the power to arrest, interrogate and detain without trial, anyone suspected of being involved in any acts to weaken the government - Catholics soon lost faith in the British Army when the army started to search their homes and made arrests

In 1972, - A peaceful civil rights march was shot at by the British soldiers - 13 civilians were shot dead and many more were wounded - This incident is called the ‘Bloody Sunday’ incident - It marked the beginning of violent conflict between the Catholics and the Protestants

The Catholics suffered at two fronts : 1. The Protestant Mob Catholic homes were petrol-bombed by Protestant mobs forcing families to flee Their homes were looted Catholic businesses and pubs were burnt and destroyed

2. Security Forces: The Police and British Army The police did help to ease the tense situation The British Army attacked Catholic homes and damaged their property.

Involvement of Irish Republican Army (IRA) - IRA was an illegal organisation formed by the Northern Irish Catholics - Its mission was to use violence to rid Northern Ireland of the British Army and the representatives of the British government - Within 2 decades of the conflict, many people were killed - IRA was said to be responsible for 2/3 of the deaths and even the killing of innocent Protestants

Effects of Protestants–Catholic Conflict The conflict resulted in : Political Impact Economic Impact Social Impact

Political Impact -The Civil Rights did put pressure on N.Ireland government to change the discriminatory laws -Political Reform (political improvement) occurred -N. Ireland government agreed to abolish unfair voting system and review schemes for allocating government-owned houses

Economic Impact -The conflicts created an unstable situation in N. Ireland -Foreign-owned factories closed down as operating costs increased (had to pay for damages etc) -Also, discouraged more domestic and foreign investments coming into the country (why would you invest in an unstable economy?) -Revenue earned as a country decreased

Social Impact -Education system and prevailing beliefs of one another has created an atmosphere of tension -Catholics and Protestants have been socially segregated and do not mix with one another -This increases the lack of understanding they have of one another -Makes the chance of resolution of the conflict harder and increases the rift between the 2 groups

Hope for Peace in N.I.? Attempts at resolutions -Attempts by the British government made to bring about peace (1970s – 1990s) -IRA & members of British govt met, but no resolution could be agreed upon -Late 1990s, 4 groups came together to one again, talk about peace in N. Ireland - British govt - Irish Republic of Ireland - IRA - Northern Ireland community leaders

-The Good Friday Peace Agreement was reached in 1998 Some terms: -A united Ireland could not be brought about without the consent of the people living in N. Ireland -A council involving both ministers from N. Ireland and Republic of Ireland to discuss issues of mutual interests (tourism and fisheries) -N. Ireland govt to work on decommissioning of IRA weapons (putting weapons out of use)

Is peace possible? Does the Good Friday agreement mean that the conflict is over? -Does show some progress in attempting to stop the immediate violence -However, embedded prejudice and discrimination will take longer to change Are the people of N. Ireland ready to make changes towards peace?