1. Northern Ireland
1169-present

2. Great Britain and Ireland

3. Roots of the Conflict- religion, ethnicity and colonialism
Normans in Ireland- 1169
Plantation of Ulster- 16th century
Act of Settlement 1653
Accession of James II 1685
William of Orange ascends to British throne

4. King William of Orange

5. Roots of the Conflict c’ntd
Penal Laws introduced from 1695 onwards
1782- Irish Parliament received legislative independence
Development of Peep O’ Day Boys, Defenders, Orange Order
1798- United Irishmen Rebellion
1800- Act of Union
1829- Catholic Emancipation

6. Independence of Ireland
Struggle for land reforms – 1870s & 1880s
Irish Parliamentary Party – 1882
Home Rule – 1st attempt – 1885
2nd attempt – 1893
3rd attempt

7. Partition World War One – 1914 Government of Ireland Act – 1920
Irish War of Independence –

8. Irish Free State and Northern Ireland

9. Northern Ireland Parliament - Stormont

10.
The new NI Parliament- unstable at first, financial and political difficulties as well as inexperienced government ministers
Catholics took little part in new NI state- electoral discrimination, grievances in housing, policing and employment.
“A Protestant state for a Protestant people”

11. Reasons for unrest
1963- arrival of Terence O’Neill as Prime Minister. Introduction of reforms. Attracted opposition from within his party as well as from Ian Paisley
Catholics encouraged by success of Civil Rights movement in America
Formation of NICRA
By the late 60s the peaceful protests had begun to take on a more violent nature

12. Initial Reaction of British Government to Violence in Northern Ireland
1969- British troops sent to Northern Ireland
1970- Curfews, house searches
1971- Internment
1972- Bloody Sunday
Following this Direct Rule from Westminster was re-instated

13. Responses to Terrorism
Power-sharing, Sunningdale –
Rolling Devolution –
Anglo Irish Agreement – 1985
Downing Street Declaration

14. Aftermath from Anglo-Irish Agreement

15. Looking forward
Good Friday Agreement – 1998

16. Good Friday Agreement Human Rights and Equality
Early release of terrorist prisoners
Decommissioning of paramilitary weapons
Reforms of criminal justice and policing.

17. Good Friday Agreement, con’t
Three strands,
1. Creation of Northern Ireland Assembly
2. North-South Relationships
3. East-West Relationships

18. Prospects for a Functioning Local Democracy
Many issues still need to be resolved, such as policing, decommissioning and prisoner releases
Remaining hostility between political parties
Northern Bank robbery- suspected IRA involvement having knock-on effect for Sinn Fein- withdrawal of funding

19. Prospects for a Functioning Local Democracy
Hopes for the future
Inclusive government
Economic development
Development in inter-community cultural awareness eg. through integrated schools, cross community initiatives such as BEI
Equal opportunity programs