Bio 101 Laboratories 11 & 12 Muscle Histology Gross Human Skeletal Muscle Cat Muscle Dissection I & II 12 slides, 20 min.

What you should do in labs 11 & 12 … Today (Lab 11) Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy Begin cat muscle dissection Get tested on histology and human skeletal muscle before leaving Next Lab (Lab 12) Finish cat muscle dissection Review muscle histology Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy Get tested on cat muscles before leaving

Histology of Muscle Tissue Three types of muscle tissue you will need to view under the microscope Skeletal (slide # 1310) Cardiac w/intercalated disc (slide # 1790) Smooth (slide # 1250, 3008 – histological preparation) See Activity 4 (pp. 83-84) in Marieb’s Lab Manual Muscle Tissue Characteristics Complete #19 (table), Review Sheet 6, page 88. This will give you a good comparison table to study for the lab exam

Skeletal Muscle Major characteristics Major Functions Contractile Voluntary Striated Multinucleated Unbranched Major Functions Voluntary movement Heat generation

Skeletal Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, multinucleated, non-branched

Cardiac Muscle Major characteristics Major Function Contractile Involuntary Striated Single nucleus Branched Intercalated discs Major Function Pump blood

Cardiac Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated disks

Smooth Muscle Major characteristics Major Function Contractile Involuntary NOT Striated Single, centrally located nucleus Unbranched Major Function Controls size/shape of organs Constricts blood vessels

Smooth Muscle Cytology Notice that this tissue is: Not striated, mononucleated, and non-branched Histology

Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy Use Figures 15.2 (page 200) and 15.3 (page 201) in Marieb’s Exercise 15 for an overview. Look at your Study Guide for a list of the muscles for which you’ll be responsible on the lab exam Refer to the Human Muscle Table in your Study Guide for more specifics on the muscles you need to know. Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, beginning on page 679 in Marieb’s Laboratory Manual to view the superficial anatomy of the human skeletal muscles. (Especially important for clinical practice)

Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy Muscular system All skeletal muscles that can be controlled voluntarily Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans Shape or appearance give clues to function Locomotion and posture; work across joints Origin – point of muscle attachment that moves least Insertion – point of muscle attachment that moves most Support soft tissue; sheets between bony tissue Guard body entrances/exits; encircle opening

How Skeletal Muscles Are Named Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles Direction Orientation relative to body midline Rectus, transverse, oblique Size Relative size of muscle Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus, vastus Shape Relative shape of muscle Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid

How Skeletal Muscles Are Named Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles Action Principle action Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator Number of origins Number of tendons of origin Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4) Location Temporalis, femoris Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in name) Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid

Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle Muscles of the Head * * * * * Notice how the origins and insertions work… http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/menu.html Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle

Muscles of the Upper Body * * * * * *

Muscles of the Upper Body * * *

Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula * * * * * * * * Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Muscles that Move the Foot * *

Muscles that Move the Foot * * * * *

Cat Dissection Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 on page 697 of Marieb’s Laboratory Manual. Refer to your Laboratory Guide for a list of the cat muscles you’ll need to identify for the lab exam. Note: Some muscles are superficial and some are deep It’s best to do superficial dissection on one side of the cat, and deep dissection on the other

* * * * * * * * Pectoantebrachialis Tibialis anterior Pectoralis minor External oblique Gracilis * Xiphihumeralis Sartorius * * 01_C0032_labeled.jpg Gastrocnemius Pectoralis major

Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius * External oblique Levator scapulae ventralis * * * Semitendinosus Clavotrapezius Gastrocnemius * Spinotrapezius * * Latissimus dorsi Sartorius * * Gluteal muscles Biceps femoris * Clavodeltoid * * Spinodeltoid Tensor fasciae latae 02_C0033_labeled.jpg Acromiotrapezius Lumbodorsal fascia Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid

ID neck muscles by photograph only Digastric muscles Mylohyoid * Sternohyoid Sternomastoid 03_C0034_labeled.jpg * Clavotrapezius ID neck muscles by photograph only

* Pectoantebrachialis * Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis * 04_C0035_labeled.jpg Xiphihumeralis * Pectoralis major

* Pectoralis major * * Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis * Pectoantebrachialis * Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis * External oblique 05_C2005_labeled.jpg * Rectus abdominis

* Pectoantebrachialis * Latissimus dorsi Xiphihumeralis 06_C2007_labeled.jpg

External oblique (cut and reflected) * External oblique (cut and reflected) * Rectus abdominis * Transversus abdominis * Internal oblique 07_C2004_labeled.jpg

* * Pectoralis major * Serratus ventralis * Rectus abdominis Pectoantebrachialis * Pectoralis major * Serratus ventralis * Rectus abdominis 08_C2006_labeled.jpg

Levator scapulae ventralis * Lumbodorsal fascia Latissimus dorsi * Spinodeltoid * Acromiotrapezius * Clavotrapezius * Spinotrapezius * Clavodeltoid 09_C0037_labeled.jpg Levator scapulae ventralis * Acromiodeltoid

Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius * Spinotrapezius * Clavotrapezius * Acromiotrapezius 10_C0038_labeled.jpg * Latissimus dorsi Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius

Levator scapulae ventralis * Acromiodeltoid Clavotrapezius * Clavodeltoid Levator scapulae ventralis * Acromiodeltoid * * Acromiotrapezius Spinodeltoid * Spinotrapezius * Latissimus dorsi 11_C2003_labeled.jpg Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid

Triceps brachii (medial head) * Brachioradialis * Biceps brachii * Pronator teres 12_C2002_labeled.jpg * Triceps brachii (medial head)

Extensor carpi radialis Flexor carpi radialis * Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum profundus * Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris 13_C0039_labeled.jpg * Pronator teres * Biceps brachii * Triceps brachii Epitrochlearis

* * * * Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor carpi radialis 14_C0040_labeled.jpg * Pronator teres Epitrochlearis * Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris

* * * * * * * Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum lateralis Brachioradialis Extensor digitorum communis * Triceps brachii (lateral head) Extensor carpi radialis longus * Triceps brachii (long head) * Clavodeltoid * Spinodeltoid * Acromiodeltoid * Clavotrapezius 15_C0041_labeled.jpg

Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads) * Brachioradialis * Clavodeltoid 16_C2001_labeled.jpg * Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads)

* Sartorius * 17_C0043_labeled.jpg Gracilis

* Adductor longus * Adductor femoris * Semimembranosus Pectineus * Tensor fasciae latae 18_C0044_labeled.jpg * Rectus femoris * Vastus medialis * Vastus lateralis Fascia lata

* Rectus femoris Pectineus * * Vastus lateralis * * Vastus medialis * Adductor longus * Adductor femoris * Vastus medialis 19_C2011_labeled.jpg * Semimembranosus

Flexor digitorum longus * Tibialis anterior * Gastrocnemius Plantaris Flexor digitorum longus 20_C0045_labeled.jpg

Flexor digitorum longus * Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior 21_C2009_labeled.jpg

* Tensor fasciae latae * Biceps femoris * Gluteus medius * Semimembranosus * Semitendinosus 22_C0046_labeled.jpg * Gluteus maximus Caudofemoralis

* Gluteus medius * Gluteus maximus Caudofemoralis * Biceps femoris * Gastrocnemius 23_C2012_labeled.jpg * Semitendinosus

Extensor digitorum longus * Gastrocnemius Soleus 24_C0048_labeled.jpg * Fibularis muscles

For next regular lab… For Brain and Cranial Nerves; Sheep brain Read Exercises 24 and 25 in Wood’s Lab Manual (Ex 24) Spinal cord anatomy: pp. 361-366 (Ex 25) Human Brain anatomy: pp. 377-389 (Ex 25) Cranial Nerves: pp. 389-394 (Ex 25) Sheep brain: pp. 395-398