Dr. ANAND SRINIVASAN
Made of 2 kidneys 2 ureters Urinary bladder Urethra
Position Posterior abdominal wall Retroperitoneum Extension T12 – L3 Right kidney lower than left due to liver on right side
Bean shaped Enclosed by “Renal fascia”
Superiorly Right Adrenal Gland Anteriorly Right lobe of liver Duodenum Hepatic flexure of colon Posteriorly Diaphragm and posterior abdominal wall muscles
Superiorly Left Adrenal Gland Anteriorly Stomach Spleen Pancreas Jejunum Splenic flexure of colon Posteriorly Diaphragm and posterior abdominal wall muscles
Cortex Medulla consisting of Pyramids Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis
1.Renal pyramid 2.Interlobar artery 3.Renal artery 4.Renal vein 5.Renal hilum 6.Renal pelvis 7.Ureter 8.Minor calyx 9.Renal capsule 10.Inferior pole 11.Superior pole 12.Interlobar vein 13.Nephron 14.Renal sinus 15.Major calyx 16.Renal papilla 17.Renal column
ARTERIES Right & Left Renal Arteries from Abdominal aorta VEINS Right & Left Renal veins – draining into Inferior vena cava Left Renal V. longer than right
Tubes that convey urine from kidneys to urinary bladder 25 – 30 cm Passes Behind periotenum Into pelvic cavity Passes obliquely through the posterior wall of bladder – prevents reflux of urine
Roughly pear shaped Oval shaped when filled with urine Posterior surface – Base Urethra starts at neck Peritoneum covers superior surface only
Total capacity of bladder – 600 ml Awareness to mictuirate – 300 – 400 ml Trigone of bladder Internal urethral sphincter – involuntary External urethral sphincter – voluntary
Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology – Chapter 13; Pages