CITIZENSHIP What is civics? Rights Duties Responsibilities History of Immigration Natural Born Citizen Immigration Naturalization Functions of Government? 3 Levels of Government Democratic Governments Authoritarian Governments Principles of American Democracy

CIVICS Civics - The study of the rights, duties, and responsibilities of members of a state or nation. Analyzes the interaction between citizens and their government. A citizen is someone who is entitled to certain rights, and in turn has certain duties and responsibilities. Citizenship – includes rights, duties, and responsibilities. Has roots in Ancient Greece (Athens) and Rome.

RIGHTS Something that you are entitled to as a human being. Categories of Rights Security – Protect from harmful behavior. Equality – People should have equal opportunity regardless of race, gender, or religious background. Liberty – All people should have certain basic freedoms. (Bill of Rights)

Something you are required to do as a citizen. DUTIES Something you are required to do as a citizen. 1) Obey Laws 2) Pay Taxes 3) Jury Duty 4) Attend School 5) Register for the Draft

RESPONSIBILITIES Things that you should do as a citizen. Be Informed Voting Participate in Government Respect Others Rights Respect Diversity

The Americas – A Land of Immigrants Asians - 10,000+ years ago – Crossed land bridge from Asia. Europeans – Late 1400’s, Early 1500’s. Largest number of immigrants from 1500’s-1900’s. Africans – 1619-1808 – more than 500,000 brought into slavery. 1808 Congress banned the slave trade. Today – Latin America. E-Pluribus Unum – Out of Many…One Given the US population, why is respect for diversity important?

IMMIGRATION Immigrant – People who move permanently to a new country. Immigrant plan to become citizens. Alien – People from other countries coming to US to work or study. Aliens plan to return to home country. Legal – File with government and are given permission to be in the country. (VISA) Illegal – Have not been given permission by the government to be in the country.

“NATURAL BORN CITIZEN” All people who meet the following criteria are citizens by birth. 1) Born in… “Citizen by Soil” 50 States Washington D.C. US Territories – US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam US Military Base Parents Are US Citizens “Citizen by Blood”

NATURALIZATION The legal process of becoming a citizen of the United States. File Declaration of Intent Form with (CIS – Citizenship & Immigration Services) Live in US 5 years – Married 3 years…18 Years Old Meet with CIS Official Take Exam Take Oath of Allegiance

Melting Pot or Tossed Salad? Melting Pot – this metaphor is used to describe a culture in which groups of people have lost their specific identities (in other words they have assimilated into the dominate culture) Tossed Salad – this metaphor is used to describe a culture in which groups maintain their unique identities within the larger group.

Functions of Government 1) Keep Order 2) Provide Security 3) Provide Public Services 4) Guide the Community

Levels of Government Federal Government State Government Local Government

Democracy - Republic This system is based on the philosophies of John Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. Later, the founding fathers of the United States extended these principles. Men such as Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Payne. (Problem) – For these philosophers, the problem could be explained by a government, in many cases a monarch having too much power. Most of these men agreed that individuals had natural rights, and that if any person had too much power, these rights would not be protected. The answer was to have elected government, with a system of checks and balances. Many nations are experimenting with these ideas of government. US – Representative Democracy. Types of Democratic Governments – Direct Democracy, Representative Democracy/Democratic Republic, Constitutional Monarchy

Authoritarian Governments Monarchy - These systems have been and are used by nations throughout the world. In these systems, one person has control of government. In a monarchy, it is held by a king, queen, or ruling family (Sultan). This power is passed on through family succession. In a dictatorship, power is often seized by force; by a military force or group. Power is usually passed on to the next in line of people who share this philosophy. (Monarchy) – England, Spain, France – Until 18th and 19th centuries. Today many of these are constitutional monarchs. Saudi Arabia today. Dictatorship – Nazi Germany under Hitler; Fidel Castro (Cuba) Types of Authoritarian Governments – Absolute Monarch, Dictatorship/Totalitarianism/Autocracy, Aristocracy, Theocracy, Oligarchy

Principles of American Democracy 1) Rule of Law – law applies to all. 2) Limited Government – Specific limitations are placed on the government. 3) Consent of the Governed – People should have a say in government decisions. 4) Individual Rights – Guarantees of individual rights listed in the Constitution. 5) Representative Government – Free Elections are guaranteed to every state in the union.