Imperialism and Nationalism review Write the terms and definitions and other information on your study guide or a loose leaf sheet of paper.

The separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches in the US government. Montesquieu was the Enlightenment thinker that proposed this.

Checks and Balances

Declaration of Independence

Written by Thomas Jefferson, it explained why the 13 colonies were declaring independence from the British.

Lines that run north to south and measure east to west of the Prime Meridian

longitude

A type of government in which a small number of individuals, usually military or business leaders, rule a country.

Oligarchy

Featured many thinkers who began to focus on individual rights and freedoms. Age of Reason

Enlightenment

Emperor of France, brought stability back to France after the revolution. Instilled Nationalism and was an excellent General.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Quick or sudden overthrow of government.

Coup d etat

Comprehensive system of laws that gave France a uniform set of laws. Took away freedom of speech and press.

Napoleonic Code or Code Napoleon

Forcible closing of ports.

Blockade Napoleon tried to blockade the British in order to keep them out of the affairs of the rest of Europe.

Created to prevent all trade and communication to Great Britain. Napoleon want to shut Great Britain off from the rest of continental Europe.

Continental System

Napoleon’s last bid for power.

Hundred Days

British Imperialist who wanted to build a railroad from South Africa to Northern Africa.

Cecil Rhodes

Diamonds and gold were found in South Africa. The Dutch settlers called to Boers did not want to share the wealth with the British. They went to war over it. The British won and Black Africans were subjected to concentration camps.

Boer War

Pride in one’s country

Nationalism

A stronger nation controls or dominates smaller, weaker countries’ economics, politics, etc.

Imperialism

Chinese officials destroyed chests of Opium and imprisoned English traders. Great Britain won and gained Hong Kong and opened more trading ports in China

Opium War

US allowed imperial powers to trade with China.

Open Door Policy

Was the liberator of Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Jose de San Martin

Called the Liberator Wanted independence for Latin America and wanted to create a “Gran Columbia” but was unsuccessful.

Simon Bolivar

An individual with two Spanish parents and was born in Spain. Lives in Latin America and has much political power.

Peninsulares

Latin American who has one Spanish parent and one Indian parent.

Mestizo

War between British and Indian soldiers in India. Indian soldiers were upset that the British did not respect their Hindu and Muslim beliefs.

Sepoy Mutiny

Prejudice and discrimination based on the premise that one group is superior to another because of race.

Racism

Why did the people of France accept Napoleon’s rule as an emperor?

He created stability in France, fixed the economy, and instilled Nationalism

What were the important factors in the Napoleonic code? How were they against the ideals of the Declaration of Rights of Man?

Limited freedom of speech and press. It restored slavery and order.

Explain three reasons for Napoleon’s downfall?

The Continental System was unsuccessful He was power hungry He invaded Russia in the winter and was counterattacked. Lost the Peninsular War against Spain

How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism and colonization in Africa?

Europeans needed natural resources and markets for their maunfactured goods.

What were the causes and effects of the Boer War?

Causes: Boers (Dutch Farmers did not get along with the British who took over South Africa). Gold and Diamonds were found in the area and the Boers wanted to keep all foreigners out and make the profit. Great Britain won

Effects: This was the first “total war”. Black South Africans and Boers were put in concentration camps by the British.

Explain the social system in Latin America? Why was it unfair to the Native peoples?

Only people who had pure Spanish blood in them were permitted to participate in government, own land, have high paying jobs. The less Spanish you were, the less rights you had.

Why was India considered Britain’s, “Jewel in the Crown”?

India was the most valuable of all Britain’s colonies.

Why was Latin America’s independence movement successful? Unsuccessful?

Latin American countries gained independence from Spain, but did not become democratic nations. All Latin American countries did not become “Gran Columbia.

Why was China considered a “sphere of influence” and not a colony?

China was very self-sufficient and large enough to fight off colonization.

Describe how Japan was able to become an imperialistic power?

The Meiji Restoration period created industrialization and modernization in Japan.

What were the advantages and disadvantages of Imperialism in India?