Human geography of North Africa Lesson 2 (372-377)

History and Government Early People and Civilizations Sub-regions farmers first to domesticate plants and animals Things once wild now raised by people Egyptians- developed Nile River Valley Created irrigation system to water crops in dry season Created Calendar Writing System- Hieroglyphics Invasions of Arab armies influenced the cultures of North Africa and spread the Muslim religion

History and Government COnt Muslims and Jews fleeing the Inquisition infused Morocco with Spanish culture in the 1400s. The Ottoman Empire ruled North Africa until the end of World War I in 1918, after which European colonial powers exerted control. Geometric Boundaries are drawn Straight lines that did not account for natural resources or cultural features Created conflict between all groups

History and Government An educated middle class developed feelings of nationalism that provided the basis for the countries that later declared independence Stir demands for Self-Rule Egypt from England-1922 Algeria from France-1962 Libya from Italy- 1951 Tunisia from France-1956 Morocco from France- 1956 Most countries once free were ruled by dictators Stifling human rights and free speech

Arab Spring Watch video on Egypt Revolution Arab Spring- Get out your Textbook and turn to page 378 Read the information and then complete Questions Number 3 (Place students into 6 different groups) Use the rest of the class time to complete the timeline Finish for homework

Population patterns Population Patterns The area is a mix of Arab cultures with indigenous non- Arab populations like the Berbers, a nomadic group of farmers who move from place to place with herds of animals. The availability of water greatly influenced settlement, with most people living along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts and the Nile River valley. Emigration rates are high due to greater employment opportunities in other countries and continents View Population Density Interactive Map Population patterns

Society and Culture Family and Status of Women Religion and Language The Muslim religion is the dominant faith. Arabic is the dominant language in the region, with French used in some areas as a result of colonization. Class status influences family size, with upper-class families having fewer children than lower-class families. Human rights are often stifled, with women not permitted to work freely

Society and Culture Cont. The Arts Pyramids Rai- Algeria’s most popular form of music Weaving, Metal-Working, Embroidery-elaborate geometric designs because cannot have representations of living beings

Economics Economic output varies greatly in the region, with oil and natural gas as the biggest exports. Agriculture is important in areas with a Mediterranean climate, while fishing is important along waterways. Despite some economic progress, North Africa suffers from political instability, high unemployment, and poverty. Complete the “North Africa Modern Economy” Graphic Organizer (Can be done through white board)