1. History and Government
Human Geography of East Africa
History and Government
With access from the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, traders established colonies in East Africa.
Colonial European powers, looking to expand trade routes and capitalize on new opportunities, created enormous problems for Africa.
Although many countries gained independence in the 1960s, long-standing challenges persisted.
Conflict between indigenous, or native, peoples resulted in extraordinary dislocations.

2. In many countries, one ethnic group is the majority of the population.
Human Geography of East Africa
Population Patterns
Today’s population reflects the many languages, belief systems, and ways of life in the subregion.
In many countries, one ethnic group is the majority of the population.
Most cities are located on coasts or rivers, although some inland cities developed along trade routes; however, in general, rates of urbanization are low.
Population densities are high on fertile lands near water where better irrigation of crops is possible.

3. Society and Culture Today
Human Geography of East Africa
Society and Culture Today
Most people in the subregion are either Christian or Muslim, but traditional animist religions are also practiced.
Levels of education vary, with literacy rates higher among men than women, and many students leave school so they can work and contribute to family income.
Poor nutrition, famine, overpopulation, and the inability to treat common diseases, such as AIDS, are chronic issues in East Africa.

4. Human Geography of East Africa
Economic Activities
The majority of jobs are in agriculture, with most products earmarked as exports, commodities sent from one country to another.
The focus on cash crops, such as coffee, instead of food staples has created food-supply issues.
Ecotourism, highlighting the many unique attributes of the subregion, has become a key part of the economy.
China’s investment and trade within the subregion has skyrocketed since 2001, encouraging positive changes.