1. North Africa
By Mr. Mulligan

4. North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources.
Physical Geography
The Big Idea
North Africa is a dry region with limited water resources.
Main Ideas
Major physical features of North Africa include the Nile River, the Sahara, and the Atlas Mountains.
The climate of North Africa is hot and dry, and water is the region’s most important resource.

6. Major Physical Features
The Nile River is the longest river in the world.
Flows more than 4,000 miles northward through the desert
Formed by the union of two rivers, the Blue Nile and the White Nile
Empties into the Mediterranean Sea
The land along the Nile is very fertile.
Floods on the river deposit silt, or finely ground fertile soil, all along the river.
Before it reaches the sea, the Nile fans out into a huge fertile delta.
The Aswan High Dam controls flooding on the Nile.
Because of the lack of silt, farmers need to use fertilizer to grow crops.

7. Sinai and Suez Canal
The Sinai Peninsula is east of the Nile. It is mostly rocky and barren.
The Suez Canal separates the Sinai peninsula from the rest of Egypt. Ships carry oil and goods from the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea through the canal.

8. Sinai Peninsula

9. Mountains Several mountain ranges can be found in the Sahara.
The highest mountains are the Atlas Mountains in the northwest, near the Mediterranean Sea. They rise to 13,600 feet (4,160 m) above sea level.

10. The Sahara

11. The Sahara Largest desert in the world, covering most of North Africa
Very dry, few people live there
settlements are located near an oasis, (a wet and fertile area in a desert where a spring or well provides water.
Common features include broad gravel plains, tall sand dunes, and dry streambeds

12. CLIMATE Three main climates: Desert: very dry and hot temperatures
Mediterranean: coastal; mild winters and warm summers
Steppe: found between the coast and the desert

13. Resources of North Africa
Rain is rare making water a valuable resource.
Oil and gas=Libya, Algeria, and Egypt.
Morocco= iron ore.
Coal, oil, and natural gas= Sahara.

14. History and Culture of North Africa
Rich in Islamic culture
North Africa’s history includes ancient Egyptian civilization.
Islam influences the cultures of North Africa and most people speak Arabic.

15. Islamic Influences
Egyptians, Berbers, Bedouins, and people of mixed ancestry live in North Africa.
The majority of people in the region speak Arabic.

16. European Influence
By 1912 European countries such as Britain, Spain, France, and Italy had taken over North Africa
They created colonies.
North Africa regained independence beginning in the 1920s.
Last country to become free was Algeria in 1962.

17. Egypt 75 million People are poor famers Republic Capital is Cairo
Limited resources
Petroleum and tourism $$
99% of population live in Nile Valley and Delta
More then ½ live in rural areas and villages

18. Egypt

19. Libya Much is desert Capitol is Tripoli
Aquifers beneath sand w/ pipelines to carry water
Oil pays for new infrastructure , hospitals, and schools
Led by powerful dictator Qaddafi until his death in 2011
Now is a parliamentary republic
Trade sanctions were placed on Libya for want of nuclear weapons (punish country by using trade barriers)

20. Libya

21. Maghreb Countries
Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco make up Maghreb Countries
“The land farthest west”
Economy based on oil
Westernmost part of Arab speaking Muslim world

22. Maghreb Countries

23. Tunisia North Africa’s smallest country Tunis is capital
Independent in 1956 (France)
Presidents have tried to provide education and health care, giving Tunisia one of lowest poverty rates in Africa.
Women have more rights than other Arab nations

24. Tunisia

25. Algeria North Africa’s largest country Algiers is the capital
Economy depends on oil and natural gas pumped from Sahara
Shortage of work
ruled by French, won independence after civil war ( )
Republic w/ president and legislature

26. Algeria

27. Morocco Leading producer of phosphates Became independent in 1956
Constitutional Monarchy
King holds great influence
Controls Western Sahara, seized the land in 1975 the Western Saharans want freedom, but can’t get it.

28. Morocco