Section 5 vocabulary: Directions 1.Ultra-beyond 2.Medio-middle 3.Intra- within 4.Gyro- Circular 5.Trans- across 6.Proximo- nearest 7.Per- through 8.Opistho- behind 9.En- in 10.Leve- left 11.Ex- out from 12.Endo- within 13.Ecto- on the outer side 14.Contra- against 15.Dia- through 16.Dextro- right 17.Dis- apart from 18.Cycl- circular 19.Amphi- on both sides 20.Ad- toward 21.Ab- away

Good afternoon class!!!!

AXIAL SKELETON Skull Cranium - 8 bones (frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid) Facial Bones - 14 bones (2 maxilla, 2 zygomatic, 2 nasal, 1 mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 1 vomer)

Temporal Bone Temple and temporal came about because gray hairs a sign of time’s passing, usually appear first in the temple areas. Four major regions –Squamous –Tympanic –Mastoid –Petrous

Sphenoid bone Butterfly-shaped and spans the width of the middle cranial fossa articulates with all the other cranial bones

Ethmoid Bone Found between the sphenoid and nasal bones and is the most deeply situated bone in the skull Forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits

Facial Bones 14 bones of which only the mandible and vomer bone are unpaired Facial skeleton of a male is more elongated then a female as a rule

Mandible Largest and strongest bone of the face The anterior coronoid process is an insertion point for the large temporalis muscle that elevates the lower jaw The posterior mandibular condyle articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone: temperomandibular joint

Hyoid Bone The hyoid bone is unique in that it is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone. Instead, it is suspended above the larynx where it is anchored by ligaments to the styloid processes of the temporal bones of the skull.

Skull-Vertebral Column Pages Cervical: 1st 7 vertebrae –Atlas- C1; 1st vertebrae -- it lacks body and spinous process but it does have superior articular facets for occipital condyles – Axis- C2; odontoid process ( AKA dens) allows for pivoting Thoracic: Next 12 vertebrae; attach with transverse process to pairs of ribs Lumbar: Next 5 vertebrae; strong Sacrum: Next 5  1 fused vertebra Coccyx :Last 3-5  1 fused vertebra; tailbone

Vertebral Column ( Spine) 5 Major divisions: – 7 AM cervical – 12 noon thoracic – 5 PM lumbar – sacrum articulates with the hip bones of the pelvis – coccygeal –26 irregular bones all together

Parts of the vertebra 1.Body- flat, round, large 2.Spinous process- projects inferiorly, on back 3.Transverse process- projects laterally, on sides 4.Superior articular facet- attaches with vertebrae above 5.Inferior articular facet- attaches with vertebrae below 6.Vertebral foramen- Hole for spinal cord

Compare cervical, thoracic, lumbar

The Bony Thorax

Sternum- AKA breastbone; in thoracic region; contains one bone of the manubrium, body, & xiphoid process; surrounded by costal cartilage Ribs- AKA thoracic cage or thorax; connects with transverse process of vertebrae; 12 pairs –[1st 7-true; last 5- false (do not attach directly with sternum- use cartilage)- –last 2 pairs are floating ribs b/c do not attach to sternum at all, no cartilage]

Parts of a Rib Head of rib- attaches to vertebrae transverse process Angle- curved part Body- shaft or straighter part of; attaches to sternum

Ribs [head, neck, tubercle, body] True ribs (1-7)- costal cartilage attaches to sternum –False ribs (8,9 & 10)- lack direct attachment to sternum –Floating ribs (11 & 12)- no attachment to sternum