CITATIONS: HOW TO CITE WITHIN A RESEARCH PAPER By: Mr. Ochoa

DIRECT QUOTATIONS  This is when you quote material exactly the way it is in the article.

SAMPLE SENTENCE  According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, “Babe Ruth began his pro career in 1914 as a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of the International League” (Funk 2).

RULE #1  Rule #1: Reference the source at the beginning of the sentence According to Funk & Wagnalls, Funk & Wagnalls state…. The authors state or the author states…  Notice that there is a comma after you introduce the source  According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, “Babe Ruth began his pro career in 1914 as a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of the International League” (Funk 2).

RULE #2  Rule #2: Use quotation marks  Notice that the words from the article are in quotations.  The quotations surround all of the words that are not your own  According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, “Babe Ruth began his pro career in 1914 as a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of the International League” (Funk 2).

RULE #3  Rule #3: Cite your source at the end of the sentence  The first word from the MLA citation should appear in parenthesis  If you have multiple sources with the same first word, use the second word. We have to be able to find it easily on the annotated bibliography. For instance if you might have the following sources Babe Ruth. Legends of Baseball… Babe Ruth. ESPN One would be cited like this (Legends). The other would be cited like this (ESPN).

PARAPHRASE  This is when you put the quotation in to your own words.

RULES #1-#3  Rule #1: Introduce your source  Rule #2: No quotations  Rule #3: Cite your source End your citations when you are done. See sample essay

EXTRA RULES  Create an interesting title  You need an attention getter, link, and thesis  Quotations that are longer than 3 lines should be block quoted