A.P. WORLD HISTORY: PERIODIZATION

WHAT IS PERIODIZATION? Each period is defined by specific conditions Each period is defined by specific conditions A geographical delineation that answers where A geographical delineation that answers where When civilization contracts, shrinks geographically When civilization contracts, shrinks geographically When civilization spreads from smaller to wider area When civilization spreads from smaller to wider area Contacts and Interactions Contacts and Interactions Increase, decrease in contacts across regions Increase, decrease in contacts across regions Parallel Developments Parallel Developments Whether indigenous or diffused, Whether indigenous or diffused, Shared characteristics Shared characteristics Dates Dates Time is not best way to define a period Time is not best way to define a period Characteristics and chronology Characteristics and chronology Period may occur Period may occur At different time At different time In different regions In different regions

PRE-HISTORY Two Sub-Periods of the Stone Age Two Sub-Periods of the Stone Age Paleolithic Paleolithic Nomadic, hunting and gathering Nomadic, hunting and gathering Small bands led by those with specialized hunting knowledge Small bands led by those with specialized hunting knowledge Neolithic Neolithic Sedentary, farming and herding Sedentary, farming and herding Semi-Nomadic: Slash/Burn (Shifting) and Pastoralism Semi-Nomadic: Slash/Burn (Shifting) and Pastoralism Villages with tribal structures, families; chiefs Villages with tribal structures, families; chiefs Geographic Component Geographic Component It occurred at different times in different places It occurred at different times in different places Chronological Component Chronological Component Paleolithic from 1 million to 8000 BCE Paleolithic from 1 million to 8000 BCE Neolithic from 6000 BCE to 4500 BCE Neolithic from 6000 BCE to 4500 BCE Technology Technology Stone, bone and wood gave way to handicrafts, artifacts Stone, bone and wood gave way to handicrafts, artifacts

ANCIENT PERIOD Geography: River Valleys Geography: River Valleys From 4,500 BCE to 1,000 BCE From 4,500 BCE to 1,000 BCE Begins with agricultural surpluses Begins with agricultural surpluses Leads to towns, cities, changes to hierarchy Leads to towns, cities, changes to hierarchy Generally small city-states, hereditary rulers Generally small city-states, hereditary rulers Elite classes especially warriors, priests Elite classes especially warriors, priests Rise of Institutions Rise of Institutions Long lasting social patterns Long lasting social patterns Religion and Government Religion and Government Time of Technological Innovation Time of Technological Innovation Two Alternate Names Two Alternate Names Hearth Civilizations, Ancient River Valley Civilizations Hearth Civilizations, Ancient River Valley Civilizations Bronze Age Civilizations Bronze Age Civilizations Ends with rise of large, regional empires Ends with rise of large, regional empires

CLASSICAL PERIOD 1,000 BCE to 500 CE 1,000 BCE to 500 CE Iron Age Iron Age Large, regional empires Large, regional empires Military aristocracies Military aristocracies Integrate regions Integrate regions Cosmopolitan Traditions Cosmopolitan Traditions Religions, Philosophies Religions, Philosophies Regional Civilizations Regional Civilizations China, India, SW Asia (Cuneiform), Mediterranean China, India, SW Asia (Cuneiform), Mediterranean Mesoamerica and Andean America Mesoamerica and Andean America Strong contacts between regional centers Strong contacts between regional centers Many areas outside classical civilizations Many areas outside classical civilizations Ends with massive nomadic invasions Ends with massive nomadic invasions

POST-CLASSICAL AGE 6 th century CE to 1450 CE 6 th century CE to 1450 CE Began with rise of Islam Began with rise of Islam First trans-regional civilization First trans-regional civilization Spans Eurasia and Africa Spans Eurasia and Africa Era of two great powers: Islam, China Era of two great powers: Islam, China Ended due to Turks, Mongols, Black Death Ended due to Turks, Mongols, Black Death Characteristics Characteristics Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies Buddhism, Islam, Christianity Buddhism, Islam, Christianity Saw rise of new civilization centers Saw rise of new civilization centers Andes, Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, SE Asia, Japan Andes, Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, SE Asia, Japan Emergence of network of global contacts Emergence of network of global contacts Ages of Faith, Aristocracy, Ages of Faith, Aristocracy, Age of Increasing Inequalities especially Gender Age of Increasing Inequalities especially Gender

EARLY MODERN ERA 1450 – 1750 CE 1450 – 1750 CE Rise of gunpowder empires Rise of gunpowder empires An Age of Absolutism An Age of Absolutism Rise of Western Europe Rise of Western Europe Religious Strife Religious Strife World Shrinks World Shrinks All continents included in world network All continents included in world network Global trade develops for first time Global trade develops for first time Great exchanges Great exchanges Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs Ideas especially European, Christianity Ideas especially European, Christianity Demographic Shifts in Americas, Eurasia Demographic Shifts in Americas, Eurasia

MODERN AGE 1750 to 1914: “The West and the Rest” 1750 to 1914: “The West and the Rest” Era of massive technological change Era of massive technological change Era of many revolutions Era of many revolutions Technological Technological Political Political Social Social Intellectual, Artistic Intellectual, Artistic Vast trade networks Vast trade networks Western Global Hegemony Western Global Hegemony Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia USA, Japan are newest powers USA, Japan are newest powers Dominance of Western Culture Dominance of Western Culture Resistance Resistance Modernization, Industrialization, Westernization? Modernization, Industrialization, Westernization? Demographic shift; urbanization Demographic shift; urbanization

CONTEMPORARY ERA 1914 to Present “Change, Change, Change” 1914 to Present “Change, Change, Change” 1914 – 1945: Europe’s Twilight 1914 – 1945: Europe’s Twilight 1945 – Present: Atomic Age 1945 – Present: Atomic Age The American Century, Retreat of Europe The American Century, Retreat of Europe Rise of Pacific Rim, India Rise of Pacific Rim, India Collapse of European empires Collapse of European empires Jihad vs. McWorld Jihad vs. McWorld Modernization vs. westernization Modernization vs. westernization Modernization vs. traditionalism Modernization vs. traditionalism Secularism vs. change Secularism vs. change Rise of new political forms Rise of new political forms Non-State Governmental Organizations Non-State Governmental Organizations Supranationalism; Internationalism Supranationalism; Internationalism Mass culture Mass culture Technology, telecommunications dominate age Technology, telecommunications dominate age Demography and Environment as Major Concerns Demography and Environment as Major Concerns