INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD (IPB)

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACTION: Demonstrate the steps used in Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield. CONDITION: Given the LRSLC intelligence handbook, group discuss, and practical exercise. STANDARD: Demonstrate IAW FM 34-130 and LRSLC non graded and graded field training exercises’.

GENERAL ADMIN SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: GENERAL SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT: LOW ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS: IF YOU BROUGHT IN, TAKE IT WITH YOU!! EVALUATION: Students will be evaluated during a written exam following the exam and during the graded FTX.

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE A Action: Describe step one of the IPB process. Condition: Given a group discussion, practical exercise, and intelligence handbook. Standard: Complete practical exercise within 60 minutes and perform step one during non-graded and graded FTX.

WHAT IS IPB? “IPB is a continuous four step process analyzing the threat and terrain in a geographic area.” (FM 34-130)

STEP ONE: DEFINE THE BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT Identify significant Characteristics Identify limits of the AO and battle space Establish the limits of the AI Detail and time Evaluate existing databases/Intelligence Gaps Collect Material and Intelligence (RFI/RIIs)

IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTICS Geography Population Political or socioeconomic Infrastructures Rules of Engagement OPFOR Capabilities

AREA OF OPERATIONS Geographical areas assigned to commanders for which they have responsibility and authority to conduct military operations. The area friendly forces neutralize, destroy, or corrupt enemy capabilities.

AREA OF INTEREST (AI) Geographic area from which information and intelligence are required for planning or successful conduct of command’s operation. The area the enemy controls and may use against you.

BATTLEFIELD AREA EVALUATION OF INTEREST X AI ll AREA OF INTEREST AREA OF OPERATIONS AREA OF INTEREST X ll AI ll AREA OF INTEREST X X INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD

EVALUATE EXISTING DATABASES AND IDENTIFY INTELLIGENCE GAPS Mission Planning folder Maps Imagery Climatology Future Weather Forecast Historical Data Company OPORD S2/G2/J2/C2 Intelligence database

INTELLIGENCE GAP Information that is critical to the accomplishment of the mission, but not available for use at the present time. Starts initial list of : RFIs RIIs Intelligence Requirement

QUESTIONS???

CHECK ON LEARNING 1. What are the four steps of IPB? 2. What is an area of interest? 3. What is an area of operations? 4. What is Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield?

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE B Action: Describe step two of the IPB process. Condition: Given a group discussion and practical exercise in classroom environment. Standard: Complete practical exercise within 90 minutes and perform step two during the non-graded and graded FTX.

STEP TWO: DESCRIBE BATTLEFIELD EFFECTS Terrain Analysis Analyze the Military Aspects of Terrain Classify Terrain Weather Analysis Military Aspects of Weather Evaluate the Weather Effects on Military Operations Enemy and Friendly

OAKOC O-bstacles: A-venues of Approach: K-ey Terrain: O-bservation and fields of fire: C-Cover and Concealment:

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Unrestricted: Terrain allows wide maneuver Restricted: Terrain hinders movement swamps elevations differences of 100-200m per KM Severely Restricted: Terrain severely hinders or slows movement. steep slopes large densely spaced obstacles

GRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS Combined Obstacles Overlay (COO) Vegetation Surface Drainage Obstacles Lines of Communication (LOCs) Weather Effects Overlay

COMBINED OBSTACLES OVERLAY LEGEND COMBINED OBSTACLES OVERLAY 14 15 17 16 18 19 A OF A (AA1/2) MAJOR LOCs PER. STREAMS 82 82 INTER. STREAMS Pond Schley Box Springs Road LIGHTNING RD 81 81 Red Diamond Road C Road Cyclone Road 80 80 Anzio Cantigny Trail Creek Hollis Branch Creek Old Gap Road HWY 137 Hollis 79 79 15 16 17 18 19 Ochille Creek

GRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS (cont.) Modified Combined Obstacles Overlay COO + Cross Country mobility unrestricted restricted severely restricted Avenues of Approach Key Terrain

OBSTACLES LEGEND RESTRICTED 14 15 17 16 18 19 SEVERELY RESTRICTED 82 AT MINES 82 Pond BUIILT UP AREA Schley 81 81 Red Diamond Road Box Springs Road Spider Trail C Road Anzio 80 80 Cyclone Road Cantigny Trail Hollis Branch Creek Old Gap Road Creek HWY 137 79 79 Hollis 15 16 17 18 19 Ochille Creek

AVENUES of APPROACH AA2 AA1 LEGEND RESTRICTED 14 15 17 16 18 19 SEVERELY RESTRICTED 82 82 Pond Schley AA2 81 81 Red Diamond Road Box Springs Road Spider Trail C Road Anzio 80 80 Cyclone Road Cantigny Trail Hollis Branch Creek Old Gap Road Creek AA1 HWY 137 79 79 Hollis 15 16 17 18 19 Ochille Creek

KEY TERRAIN AA2 AA1 K K K K K K LEGEND RESTRICTED 14 15 17 16 18 19 SEVERELY RESTRICTED 82 82 Pond Schley K AA2 81 81 K Red Diamond Road Box Springs Road Spider Trail C Road Anzio 80 80 Cyclone Road Cantigny Trail Hollis Branch Creek K K Old Gap Road Creek AA1 HWY 137 79 79 Hollis K K 15 16 17 18 19 Ochille Creek

AA2 AA1 OBSERVATION AND FIELDS OF FIRE LEGEND RESTRICTED 14 15 17 16 18 19 SEVERELY RESTRICTED 82 82 Pond Schley AA2 81 81 Red Diamond Road Box Springs Road Spider Trail C Road Anzio 80 80 Cyclone Road Cantigny Trail Hollis Branch Creek Old Gap Road Creek AA1 HWY 137 79 79 Hollis 15 16 17 18 19 Ochille Creek

MILITARY ASPECTS OF WEATHER Visibility Wind Speed Precipitation Cloud Cover Temperature and Humidity

QUESTIONS???

CHECK ON LEARNING 1. What are military aspects of terrain? 2. What is restrictive terrain? 3. What are the military aspects of weather? 4. What is the difference between a COO and a MCOO?

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE C Action: Describe step three of the IPB process. Condition: Given a group discussion, practical exercise, and intelligence handbook. Standard: complete practical exercise within 60 minutes and perform step three during the non-graded and graded FTX.

STEP THREE: EVALUATE THE THREAT Update or create threat models Additional considerations Identify Threat Capabilities

UPDATE OR CREATE THREAT MODELS Doctrinal Templates Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures High Value Target

DOCTRINAL TEMPLATE Depicts how the enemy deploys his forces without regard to terrain and weather. SECURITY ZONE MAIN BODY FIRE SACK RAG 10-15KM FIRE SACK FIRST ECHELON SECOND

TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES SOPs Field Manuals Description of Doctrinal Templates highlights key events fail or succeed

HIGH VALUE TARGET (HVT) Battlefield Operating Systems Maneuver Non-maneuver Identify on Doctrinal Template Definition

IDENTIFY THREAT CAPABILITIES Broad COAs Influence accomplishment of friendly mission

QUESTIONS???

CHECK ON LEARNING 1. What is a doctrinal template? 2. Where are OPFOR TTPs found? 3. What is a high value target?

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE #4 Action: Describe step four of the IPB process. Condition: Given a group discussion, practical exercise, and intelligence handbook. Standard: Complete the practical exercise within 60 minutes and perform step four during the non-graded and graded FTX.

STEP FOUR: DETERMINE THREAT COAS Identify the threat’s likely Objectives Identify the full set of COAs Evaluate and prioritize each COA Develop each COA in the amount of detail time allows Identify initial collection requirements

IDENTIFY THE THREAT’S LIKELY OBJECTIVE One level above Two levels below Accomplish mission of parent unit

IDENTIFY FULL SET OF COA Suitability Feasibility Acceptability Distinguishability Completeness

DEVELOP EACH COURSE OF ACTION What, When, Where, How, and Why Situation Template (SITTEMP) Consolidate Situation Template

SITUATION TEMPLATE Combine Doctrinal Template with terrain and weather effects. Represents a “snapshot” in time.

SITTEMP RAG FIRE SACK LEGEND RESTRICTED 14 15 17 16 18 19 SEVERELY 82 82 AT MINES Pond BUIILT UP AREA Schley 81 81 19 18 17 16 15 80 Red Diamond Road Cyclone Road Old Gap Road Cantigny Trail Hollis Branch Creek Hollis Creek Ochille Creek Spider Trail Road HWY 137 79 RAG FIRE SACK Box Springs Road C Anzio 80 79

IDENTIFY INITIAL COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS Consolidate SITTEMPs Event Template Identify Named Area of Interest Time Phase Lines

EVENT TEMPLATE Helps you identify specific battlefield events Provide indicators SIR - Movement of Artillery Forward. SOR - Report 2S1 movement forward of PL JUNO. Guide for Intelligence Collection Plan Guide for recon and surveillance planning

NAMED AREA OF INTEREST Geographical area where information that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected. Usually selected to capture indications of threat COAs

TIMED PHASE LINE (TPLS) A line used to represent the flow of an operation over a period of time. Normally, two hour intervals.

H + 4 H + 2 12 EVENT TEMPLATE 13 14 PL JUNO PL SATURN

Target Area of Interest Target Reference Point 12 11 Named Area of Interest (NAI) Target Area of Interest (TAI) AB0001 Target Reference Point (TRP)

PRACTICAL EXERCISE #1 MCOO Action: Construct a COO and MCOO. Condition: Given a classroom environment with a Ft. Benning 1:50,000 Map, Protractor, Intelligence handout and permanent markers. Standard: Complete in 60 minutes and brief to the class upon completion.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE #2 SITTEMP Action: Construct and brief a situation template course of action. Condition: Given a classroom environment with a Ft. Benning 1:50,000 map, protractor, intelligence handout and permanent markers. STANDARD: Complete in 60 minutes and brief to the class upon completion.

QUESTIONS???

CHECK ON LEARNING 1. What is a situation template? 2. What are the five criteria for evaluating courses of action? 3. What is an event template? 4. What is a named area of interest? 5. What are time phase lines?

REVIEW Step 1-Determine Battlefield Environment Step 2-Describe the Battlefield Effects Step 3-Evaluate the Threat Step 4-Determine Threat Course of Action