PROKARYOTIC VS. EUKARYOTIC

6 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION PROKARYOTES: NO NUCLEUS EUKARYOTES: HAVE A NUCLEUS

Two Fundamentally Different Types of Cells A PROKARYOTIC CELL A EUKARYOTIC CELL

1.PROKARYOTES: HAS NO NUCLUES –Pro = before –karyon = “kernel” or nucleus –THEY HAVE DNA! –NO NUCLEUS JUST MEANS THAT THE DNA IS NOT ENCLOSED IN A MEMBRANE –CALLED A NUCLEOID 2 CELL TYPES

A Sense of Scale and Abundance – Bacteria on the Head of a Pin A Sense of Scale and Abundance – Bacteria on the Head of a Pin

2. EUKARYOTES: HAS A NUCLEUS –Eu = true –karyon = nucleus –HAVE DNA ENCLOSED IN A MEMBRANE

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07-08Biology rules! (b) A thin section through the bacterium Bacillus coagulans (TEM) Pili: attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes Nucleoid: region where the cell’s DNA is located (not enclosed by a membrane) Ribosomes: organelles that synthesize proteins Plasma membrane: membrane enclosing the cytoplasm Cell wall: rigid structure outside the plasma membrane Capsule: jelly-like outer coating of many prokaryotes Flagella: locomotion organelles of some bacteria (a) A typical drawing of rod-shaped bacterium 0.5 µm Bacterial chromosome micrometers

QUIZ Use the next slide to quiz yourself on the parts of a prokaryotic organism

07-08Biology rules! CELL WALL CAPSULE CELL MEMBRANE NUCLEIOD (DNA) RIBOSOMES PILI FLAGELLA 8. CYTOPLASM

07-08Biology rules! COMPARISON Prokaryotes –No real nucleus –Less complex – Ribosomes only –One circular chromosome –Unicellular or colonial –Cell wall made of polysaccharide peptidoglycan –Cell membrane –Reproduce by binary fission –Sexual reproduction by transfer of DNA fragments Eukaryotes –True Nucleus –More complex – Many organelles –Many Linear chromosomes –Unicellular or multicellular –Cell wall (plants & fungus) not made of peptidoglycan –Cell membrane (all) –Reproduce by mitosis –Sexual reproduction by meiosis

VENN DIAGRAM THE UNDERLINED CHARACTERISTICS ARE THE ONES THAT WILL MOST LIKELY BE SEEN ON THE STAAR TEST.

07-08Biology rules!