Chesapeake Bay Opening: Why do you move? Activity: Jamestown and Maryland Notes Closure: Solving the Mystery, Roanoke

Opening Question Why do people move to a different town, state, country?Why do people move to a different town, state, country?

Settling the Chesapeake

The Lost Colony Roanoke Colony ( )Roanoke Colony ( ) –1 st Colony Established (1854) Mostly MenMostly Men Humphrey Gilbert & Walter RaleighHumphrey Gilbert & Walter Raleigh 1 st Abandoned (1586)1 st Abandoned (1586) –2 nd Colony Established (1587) Governor John WhiteGovernor John White Men, Women & ChildrenMen, Women & Children 2 nd Abandonment (1590)2 nd Abandonment (1590) Solving the Mystery - TheoriesSolving the Mystery - Theories

The 3 rd Colony (Jamestown) The Virginia Company 1606The Virginia Company 1606 –If a company founded the settlement what is their goal? May 1607May 1607 –Three ships harbor in the Chesapeake Godspeed, Discovery, Susan ConstantGodspeed, Discovery, Susan Constant –What to do first?

Jamestown Fort

Jamestown First SettlersFirst Settlers –104 Males Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith –Elected to Government in 1608 –Martial Law "He who does not work, will not eat." –Gun powder explosion – sent back to England The Starving Time (1609 – 1610)The Starving Time (1609 – 1610)

Jamestown John RolfeJohn Rolfe –Experiments with Tobacco –Europe becomes addicted –Tobacco becomes a cash crop Tobacco Production in VirginiaTobacco Production in Virginia –1618: 20,000 lbs. –1622: 60,000 lbs. –1627: 500,000 lbs. –1629: 1.5 mil lbs.

Indentured Servants “Headright” System“Headright” System –Individuals would receive 50 – 100 acres for every person coming to the new world –Wealthy would receive 50 acres by paying passage for indentured servants Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants –Poor Europeans –Work to gain freedom –White “Slaves”

African Slaves Slave TradeSlave Trade –Portuguese and English largest traders –Most slaves captured during conquest The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage –Shipping from –Africa to Americas

Middle Passage Conditions

African Slaves

Settling Maryland Why does the Jamestown settlement begin to expand?Why does the Jamestown settlement begin to expand? MarylandMaryland –George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) –Refuge for Catholics –Tobacco Farming –Local Governments

Powhatan – Virginian Relations Powhatan Confederacy European Settlements

Indian Uprising (1622) Powhatan AttacksPowhatan Attacks –60 people killed Peace is Negotiated (1623)Peace is Negotiated (1623) –Then Colonists Poison 200 Natives –Policy of “perpetual enmity”

Solving the Mystery Based on what we know and the first hand accounts, provide a theory for why the Roanoke colony was abandoned…Based on what we know and the first hand accounts, provide a theory for why the Roanoke colony was abandoned… What were the problems they were facing?What were the problems they were facing? How was the relationship between the Natives and colonists?How was the relationship between the Natives and colonists? What evidence do we have?What evidence do we have?

Problems in the Chesapeake Based upon what you know what problems did the colonists in the Chesapeake face?Based upon what you know what problems did the colonists in the Chesapeake face? What is the “Social Contract”?What is the “Social Contract”? How does the Social Contract pertain to Nathanial Bacon and his followers?How does the Social Contract pertain to Nathanial Bacon and his followers?

Bacon’s Rebellion Nathanial BaconNathanial Bacon –Cambridge Educated –Planter in Virginia Colony FollowersFollowers –Newly freed men (former indentured servants) –Working poor of the society ProblemsProblems –No land for expansion –Poverty gap (Rich v. Poor)

The Start of Rebellion CausesCauses –Dropping Tobacco Prices –Rising Taxes –Price increase in English goods (mercantilism) Summer 1675Summer 1675 –Frontiersman attack local tribe –Gov. Berkley denounces the attack –Discontent with Gov. Berkley Winter 1675 – 76Winter 1675 – 76 –Susquehannocks counter attack –36 Colonists lay dead

Just Add Bacon Nathanial BaconNathanial Bacon –Takes control of frontiersmen –Attacks the Indians –Attacks Jamestown (Gov. Berkley) Ending the RebellionEnding the Rebellion –Defeat of Indians and beginning of the harvest –Nathanial Bacon dies January 1677

Results of Bacon Indian RelationsIndian Relations –Indians are seen as mortal enemies –Extermination of Indians when needed Virginian SocietyVirginian Society –Still majority male – profit seekers –Little family or institutional cohesion SlaverySlavery –Virginians turn to African slaves, slavery is ingrained –Poor whites always above African slaves –No property, voting, testifying, politics, travelling or marrying

Continued Population Growth