Chapter 11: DNA & the Language of Life. 11.1 – Genes are made of DNA Review: – 1928: Griffith used bacteria in mice to discover “transforming factor”

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Chapter 11: DNA & the Language of Life

11.1 – Genes are made of DNA Review: – 1928: Griffith used bacteria in mice to discover “transforming factor” – 1944: Avery found the factor was DNA – 1952: Hershey & Chase proved Avery’s theory using viruses and bacteriophages

11.2 – Nucleic Acids store information Deoxyribonucleic Acid Nucleotides - building blocks – Three parts: 1) ring-shaped sugar (deoxyribose) 2) phosphate group 3) nitrogen base

11.2 – Nucleic Acids store information Four nucleotides exist depending on bases: – Pyrimidines (single ring) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) – Purines (double ring) Adenine (A) Guanine (G)

11.2 – Nucleic Acids store information Covalent bonds join nucleotides as “backbone” – Sugar-phosphate-sugar…

11.2 – Nucleic Acids store information 1950s – Franklin took DNA Xray pictures – Showed helical shape Watson & Crick found bases paired by hydrogen bonds – A with T, C with G – Forms a double helix

Concept Check Q: Given the one strand of a DNA double helix shown, what are the bases on the complimentary section of the other strand of DNA? A: CGATAGCAG Start here: