2. Aim: How does DNA store the genetic information? DNA

3. What is DNA? Carries the instructions for cell activities Deoxyribonucleic acid

4. Nucleic Acids DNA or RNA Nucleotides Phosphate Sugar Base

5. Griffith’s Experiment: Harmless strain of bacteria were “transformed” into a deadly strain and killed the mice. Griffith called the substance the “transforming factor”.

6. Avery’s Experiment: Was the transforming factor Protein or DNA? Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + protein destroying enzymes  Transformed Bacteria Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + DNA destroying enzymes  Bacteria did not Transform Concluded that DNA is the genetic material of the cell.

7. Hershey & Chase Experiment: Bacteriophage When only the phage protein coats were labeled, most of the radioactivity was detected outside the cell. When the phage DNA was labeled, most of the radioactivity was detected inside the cells.

8. What are these instructions? GENES How did we get our genes?

9. Where are genes found? Genes chromosomes nucleus (Smallest) (Largest)

10. How does DNA make up our chromosomes?

11. What do our genes give us? Our characteristics or traits

12. How many genes do we have? ~30,000 on ______ chromosomes 46

13. How does DNA carry the genes? The structure of DNA allows it to carry the genetic code It is a double helix made of repeating nucleotides

14. What is a nucleotide made of? Deoxyribose 4 types Subunits of DNA

15. What bases make up the DNA ladder rungs? Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine (pyrimidine) (purine)

16. How do the bases pair up? All …. Teachers Go …. Crazy

17. What holds the DNA base pairs together? Weak hydrogen bonds 3 Hydrogen Bonds 2 Hydrogen Bonds

18. What in the DNA is unique in all organisms? The base sequence

19. What part of DNA carries the genetic code? The base sequence holds the genetic code. Each organism has a different sequence of bases

20. Let’s review Where is DNA found? What determines our traits? Where are genes located? What part of DNA carries the genetic code? Genes

22. 1 Gene = 1 Protein

23. ALL TEACHERS GO CRAZY

24. SEMI CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION ONE OLD STRAND & ONE NEW STRAND