1. DNA
DNA is a type of organic macromolecule called Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA is made up of repeating monomers called Nucleotides
DNA has a distinct shape called a Double Helix
The discovery of the shape of DNA is credited to James Watson and Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin used x-ray diffraction to discover the shape and shared her work with Watson and Crick

2. DNA 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogenous base
Each nucleotide is made of 3 parts:
5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
The “backbone” of DNA is made of the sugar and phosphate group to give the molecule support on the outside
DNA strands will run in a 3’ to 5’ or 5’ to 3’ direction
The oxygen in the sugar points to the 5’ end like an arrow

3. DNA Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Guanine (G)
The deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and base are held by covalent bonds
Nitrogenous bases are held together by hydrogen bonds
Nitrogenous bases in DNA:
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Pyrimidines – single rings
Purines – double rings

4. DNA
Chargaff’s Rule: equal number of adenine to thymine & guanine to cytosine
Bases are “complimentary”, meaning they always match with another
A – T
C – G
This means if 1 DNA strand is AGGCTGAGC, the complementary strand is T CCGACTCG
Match the nucleotides of the given DNA strand to create the complementary strand:
GCTTAGTCTAGTCGTA
CGAATCAGATCAGCAT