How will our newly independent country set up its government? DEFINE : Republic, Federalism & Confederation Three initial issues faced by delegates : 1.How will the states be represented? Population or Size? 2. How will power be divided between the states & national gov’t? 3. How will the western territory be divided?

1. Each state = ONE VOTE  2. States unwilling to give up power to National gov’t. No national unity Amendments required unanimous approval No recognition of size or population (pie chart) No power to tax No Executive No Judicial 9/13 to pass laws No regulation of trade

Land Ordinance of 1785 Gov’t survey of western lands. Divided in to townships & sections. Congressional Powers Declare War Coin $$ Sign Treaties Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Process for territories becoming States. 3 Steps =

Showing survey boundaries

Significance of Shays Rebellion 1786, Mass Call for Philadelphia mting Scrap the Articles  TOO WEAK!! Virginia Plan = Madison Bi-cameral Based on Population New Jersey Plan = Paterson Unicameral Equal Roger Sherman’s = GREAT COMPROMISE Bi-cameral Upper House / Senate = Equal (2) Lower House / House of Representatives = Population based

3/5’s Compromise Good for the North Good for the South

Federalists Includes framers of the Constitution: George WashingtonJames MadisonAlexander Hamilton

Anti-Federalists Includes revolutionary heroes and leaders. Patrick Henry Samuel AdamsRichard Henry Lee

The Anti-Federalists The Anti-Federalists opposed having a strong government and were against ratifying the Constitution. The Anti-Federalists feared that strong central government would abuse their power. The Anti-federalists leading argument was 1. Whether a single government could manage the large affairs of a country 2. The constitution lacked protection for people’s individual rights. The Anti-Federalists received support from rural areas and large states with strong economies. Letters from the federal Farmer. –A book written by Richard Henry Lee –He listed the rights the anti- federalists believed should be protected such as: freedom of press and religion, guarantees against unreasonable searches of people and their homes, and the right to a trial by jury.

The Federalists Supporters of the Constitution Favored balance of power between state and national government Believed balance of power would protect U.S from abuse by central government. Supported by urban areas and small states with weak economies that believed national trade regulation and a strong central government would help them. Federalists Papers Published 85 essays supporting Constitution Published between 1787 and 1788 Published under the name of Publius which was really Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Explained and analyzed the Constitution. Ex. Separation of powers and limits on power of majority. Encouraging support for the ratification of the Constitution!!

Large states versus Small states Legislative Branch

Madison’s Virginia Plan Large states versus Small states Paterson’s New Jersey Plan Roger Sherman’s GREAT COMPROMISE Legislative Branch = bi-cameral House of Representatives based on pop. of state Senate is equal for each state

3/5’s Compromise N= S= Federalist versus Anti-Federalist Who & What Separation of Powers L E J