 Matter  Matter is anything that has MASS and TAKES UP SPACE. “stuff”  Substance  Substance is a single kind of matter that is pure.  Things that are substances are made up of the “same stuff”  A chemically pure substance is a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process.

 Every form of matter has 2 kinds of properties- physical properties and chemical properties.  Properties- a characteristic quality or distinctive feature of something.

 Physical property characteristic  Physical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.  A Physical property allows us to describe matter.  For example we can identify a person by their face, their voice, height, finger prints, DNA etc...

 Density, hardness, texture, and color.  Solid, liquid, gas  Does it dissolve in water?  color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point.  attraction (paramagnetic) or repulsion (diamagnetic) to magnets  Note that measuring each of these properties will not alter the basic nature of the substance.

 A Chemical property is a ny quality or characteristic that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity  oxygen+ iron=  Chemical identities  Chemical make up (H2O)  flammability  Rust  Tarnish  Reactivity chemical properties CANNOT be determined just by viewing or touching the substance; the substance's chemical make- up must be affected for its chemical properties to be investigated.

 More than 100 different things make up stuff.  These “things” are called ELEMENTS.  An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.  Elements are the simplest substances ▪ Simplest- there is nothing that makes these. Found just like they are.

 Some familiar elements you know:  Aluminum pure substance.  Gold  Silver  These elements are represented by 1-2 letter symbols on the periodic table. One capital one lower case.  O- for oxygen  Al- for Aluminum

 An atom is the basic particle from which all elements are made.  Particle: A very small or the smallest possible amount, trace, or degree: not a particle of doubt  Different elements have different properties because their atoms are different.  An atom has a positively charged center with a cloud of negative around it.  When atoms combine they form a chemical bond. Ex: H 2 O= H2O Molecule: groups of 2 or more atoms.

compound  A compound is a pure substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined; (in a set ratio). CO 2 – carbon dioxide chemical formula  A chemical formula shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms.  A chemical formula just lets you know what elements are being used and how many there are in the compound.

 A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically.atoms  A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.elements  “All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds”

 When elements are chemically combined they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements.  THE SNAIL? The shell is made of Calcium, Carbon, and Oxygen. That is the compound.

 Heterogeneous mixture- a mixture of anything where you can see the different parts.  Ex: salad  Homogeneous mixture- a mixture of anything where you cannot see the different parts.  Ex: ocean water