Chapter 3 Classification

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The branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure, origin, etc.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3 Classification Taxonomy - the study of ________

Why classify things? Organize Categorize Order

No Yes

: Invertebrate Vertebrate mammal bird reptile amphibian fish

History of Classification Small (grasses) Aristotle Plants Medium (shrubs) Large (trees) Animals 350 B.C. Air Land Sea

Linneaus Plant kingdom Animal kingdom 1750 Grouped living things into “kingdoms” Grouped things by their physical traits Gave all living things a two-part name…binomial nomenclature. “two-term name” Plant kingdom Animal kingdom

Pennsylvania USA Holland 2002 Rock Way

Kingdom Country Phylum State Class County Order Town Family Each KINGDOM is further classified into more specific groups, much like addresses are organized into smaller categories. Kingdom Country Phylum State Class County Order Town Family Neighborhood Genus Street Species House Number

KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

Human Classification sapien Animal Chordate Mammal Primate Hominid Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Multi-cellular consumers Chordate backbone Mammal Milk-producing hairy Opposable digits, Bipedal Stereoscopic vision Primate Hominid Bigger brain, tool making, Homo “wise man” sapien

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordate Mammal Primate Hominid Pan troglodytes

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordate Mammal carnivore Felidae Pantera leo

Research the following Sunflower Wolf African Elephant Bullfrog Dog Mushroom Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Similarities in structure and DNA Humans and chimpanzees DNA are 98% similar All are mammals

Scientific name Is an animal’s Genus (Evereadii) and its species (eatibus)

Binomial Nomenclature A two-part naming system Homo sapien Common name: Human Common name: Dog Canis familiaris Pantera tigris Common name: Tiger Elephas maximus Common name: Elephant

The 5 kingdom system ANIMAL PLANT FUNGUS BACTERIA PROTIST

Animal Kingdom mobility multi-cellular cells have a nucleus consumers * Eukaryotic consumers mobility

Plant Kingdom producers cell wall multicellular cells have a nucleus * Eukaryotic cell wall made of cellulose

Fungus Kingdom Feeds by absorbing its surroundings cell wall Except for YEAST which is unicellular multicellular cells have a nucleus * Eukaryotic Feeds by absorbing its surroundings Decomposer cell wall made of chitin

Monera Kingdom (Bacteria) unicellular No nucleus * Prokaryotic producer and consumer cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Protist Kingdom most are unicellular Producer Consumer mobility some algae are multicellular most are unicellular Producer (Plant-like) or Consumer (Animal-like) cells have a nucleus * Eukaryotic mobility

Dichotomous key A tool used to determine the identity of an organism a. Wings covered by a hard covering (exoskeleton)…….go to 2 b. Wings not covered by exoskeleton…….go to 3 a. Body is round shape…… b. Body is elongated…… Lady bug Grasshopper Housefly a. Wings point toward the back……… b. Wings point toward the sides….. Go to 4 a. Wings are large and broad……. b. Wings are long and thin…... Butterfly Dragonfly

Questions What traits were used by Aristotle to classify animals? Why is this considered a poor method by today’s standards? Name the major classification groups, from largest to smallest? What is binomial nomenclature? Why is it used (i.e. why use Latin names?) What are the five kingdoms? Are humans more closely related to a mouse or a chicken? Explain. List two ways how plants and animals are different and similar. What characteristic is exclusive to bacteria? If you discovered an organism with a cell wall, which kingdom would you know it does NOT belong to? If you discovered animal that closely resembled a human, what Class and Order would it likely belong? Which is the largest group? Order, Genus, or Family.