Biomass and carbon stock changes in regenerating forests under JFM Dr. P. Sudha Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore –

CDM CDM Non Annex I countries in achieving sustainable development Non Annex I countries in achieving sustainable development Annex I countries in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation Annex I countries in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation JFM JFM Participatory approach to Forest Management Participatory approach to Forest Management Benefits to accrue to the communities Benefits to accrue to the communities Appropriate institutional and financial mechanisms Appropriate institutional and financial mechanisms CFM CFM Self initiated forest protection committees Self initiated forest protection committees

Spread of JFM Spread of JFM JFM in 23 states of India JFM in 23 states of India Over 62,894 Village Forest Committees formed Over 62,894 Village Forest Committees formed 14 million ha of JFM area. 14 million ha of JFM area. Afforestation/Reforestation in degraded forest Afforestation/Reforestation in degraded forest Funded through central, state and external agencies Funded through central, state and external agencies Future Plans for JFM Future Plans for JFM GoI plans to cover nearly 1,73,000 forest fringe villages GoI plans to cover nearly 1,73,000 forest fringe villages Target for greening programme Target for greening programme 15 Mha of degraded forest - JFM 15 Mha of degraded forest - JFM 10 Mha of irrigated area - commercial agroforestry 10 Mha of irrigated area - commercial agroforestry 18 Mha of rainfed area - subsistence agroforestry 18 Mha of rainfed area - subsistence agroforestry Rs 4800 crores annually; existing Rs crores Rs 4800 crores annually; existing Rs crores

Potential area available for reforestation and afforestation Authors/Sources Authors/Sources NRSA NRSA Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Chambers et al Chambers et al Kapoor Kapoor Planning Commission Planning Commission Land Available for Planting Land Available for Planting Mha Mha 66 Mha 66 Mha 84 Mha 84 Mha 106 Mha 106 Mha 130 Mha 130 Mha

Methods for estimating C sequestration COMAP Model COMAP Model Annual and cumulative carbon stock changes Annual and cumulative carbon stock changes Incremental carbon stock Incremental carbon stock Total C stock per ha Total C stock per ha Cost-Effectiveness; Cost-Effectiveness; Investment cost; Rs/tC or Rs/ha Investment cost; Rs/tC or Rs/ha Life cycle cost; Rs/tC or Rs/ha Life cycle cost; Rs/tC or Rs/ha Net present value of returns; Rs/tC Net present value of returns; Rs/tC Calculation method Calculation method Area under JFM Area under JFM Annual Above Ground Biomass Growth Rates Annual Above Ground Biomass Growth Rates Financial value of carbon credit at Rs 500/tC Financial value of carbon credit at Rs 500/tC Total Mitigation Potential Total Mitigation Potential Financial Potential Financial Potential

Location and Region A & R Activity Annual C sequestration potential/yr Total tC/yr Kaluasar, WB Sal regenerating Kharikamathani, WB Sal regenerating Uthannayagram, WB Sal regenerating Kapasgaria, WB Sal regenerating Bhagawatichowk, WB Sal regenerating Kunbar, Gujarat Regenerating teak Rampur, Gujarat Regenerating teak Garda, Gujarat Regenerating teak C sequestration potential

Location and Region A & R Activity Annual C sequestration potential/yr Total tC/yr Bada Bhilwara, Rajasthan Deciduous Alalli, Karnataka Evergreen Hunasur, Karnataka Evergreen Kugwe, Karnataka Evergreen Halakar, Karnataka Evergreen1.734 Kutling, Orissa Regenerating Sal Nabra, Orissa Regenerating Sal Gadabanikilo, Orissa Regenerating Sal Asundariya, Gujarat Regenerating Teak Baluji Na Muvada, Gujarat Deciduous Dabbar, J&K Pine1.365 Johnu, J&K Pine1.010 Ritti, J&K Pine0.816

Financial Potential Location and Region Total tC/yr Financial value Financial value (Rs/HH/yr) Kaluasar, WB Kharikamathani, WB Uthannayagram, WB Kapasgaria, WB Bhagawatichowk, WB Kunbar, Gujarat Rampur, Gujarat Garda, Gujarat

Location and Region Total tC/yr Financial value Financial value (Rs/HH/yr) Bada Bhilwara, Rajasthan Alalli, Karnataka Hunasur, Karnataka Kugwe, Karnataka Halakar, Karnataka Kutling, Orissa Nabra, Orissa Gadabanikilo, Orissa Asundariya, Gujarat Baluji Na Muvada, Gujarat Dabbar, J&K Johnu, J&K Ritti, J&K

Other issues to be addressed Larger Carbon benefits Larger Carbon benefits Other Carbon pools Other Carbon pools Soil Soil Litter Litter Below ground biomass Below ground biomass Inclusion of baseline estimations Inclusion of baseline estimations

Baseline and Additionality Issues Mean area afforested/reforested is 1.5 Mha under various programmes Mean area afforested/reforested is 1.5 Mha under various programmes Area brought under JFM 14 Mha Area brought under JFM 14 Mha Additionality??? Additionality??? Leakage?? Leakage?? Uncertainties?? Uncertainties?? Socio-economic Socio-economic Environmental impacts Environmental impacts