Disorders of the Respiratory System

Anthrax  Caused by spores of the bacterium Atelectasis  A collapse of part or all of a lung, caused by a tumor in the thoracic cavity, pneumonia, or injury Asthma attack  May result from exposure to an allergen, cold temperature, exercise, or emotion

Disorders of the Respiratory System (continued) Bronchitis  An infection of the bronchi Carbon monoxide poisoning  Occurs from breathing carbon monoxide Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  A group of chronic respiratory disorders including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary emphysema

Disorders of the Respiratory System (continued) Cold  A respiratory infection Cystic fibrosis  A genetic disorder of the exocrine glands Emphysema  The alveoli lose elasticity and become dilated and do not exchange gases well

Emphysema Pathology

Disorders of the Respiratory System (continued) Hantavirus  A respiratory condition spread by breathing in materials contaminated by urine or saliva of infected rodents such as deer mice and chipmunks Hay fever  A respiratory inflammation caused by allergens such as plants, dust, and food Lung cancer  Directly linked to smoking and smoke products

Disorders of the Respiratory System (continued ) Pleural effusion  A condition in which air or fluid enters the pleural cavity Pleurisy  An inflammation of the membranes that line the lungs

Echo Free Space between the Pleura

Disorders of the Respiratory System (continued) Pneumonia  An inflammation of the lungs, in which a buildup of excessive moisture impairs breathing

Infectious pneumonia

Disorders of the Respiratory System (continued) Pneumoconiosis  An inflammation in the lungs caused by inhaled irritants Respiratory acidosis  A buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood, causing a lowered blood pH Respiratory alkalosis  A deficiency of carbon dioxide in the blood

Disorders of the Respiratory System (continued) Respiratory distress syndrome  A condition that occurs when the alveoli do not inflate properly Sinusitis  An inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)  A respiratory disorder of newborns

Disorders of the Respiratory System (continued) Tuberculosis  Caused by bacteria that are difficult to destroy, and it can be transmitted through the air Upper respiratory infection  Caused by a virus or bacteria in the nose, pharynx, or larynx

TB

Issues and Innovations Tobacco issues – Secondhand smoke – “Smokeless” tobacco – Heart disease and cancer Environmental health risks – Sick building syndrome – Asbestos – Berylliosis – Black lung disease