Chapter 10 Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Focus: Marian Anderson, Operatic Trailblazer African American contralto Marian Anderson was a pioneer in breaking racial barriers. When she was refused the use of a concert hall in Washington, D.C. in 1939, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt arranged for her to sing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. In 1955, Anderson became the first African American to sing with New York’s Metropolitan Opera. Through hard times in her family and in the world, a strong, supportive network of relationships sustained her. Her mother was a particularly important influence.

The Developing Self  Representational Systems: A Neo- Piagetian View  Self-esteem  Emotional Growth

The Child in the Family Family Atmosphere  Parenting Issues: Coregulation and Discipline  Effects of Parents’ Work  Poverty and Parenting

Checkpoint: Can you… Checkpoint: Can you… Identify ways in which parents’ work can affect children? Discuss effects of poverty on raising children?

The Child in the Family Family Structure  Adoptive Families  When Parents Divorce  Living in a One-Parent Family  Living in a Stepfamily  Living with Gay or Lesbian Parents

Families with Children Younger than 18, 1970 and 2000

The Child in the Family Sibling Relationships: How do siblings influence and get along with one another?

The Child in the Peer Group Positive and Negative Influences of Peer Relations Popularity Friendship

Selman’s Stages of Friendship StageAge Stage 0: Momentary playmateship3 to 7 Stage 1: One-way assistance4 to 9 Stage 2: Two-way fair- weather cooperation 6 to 12 Stage 3: Intimate, mutually shared relationships 9 to 15 Stage 4: Autonomous interdependence beginning at age 12

The Child in the Peer Group Aggression and Bullying  Aggression and Social Information Processing  Does Televised Violence Lead to Aggression?  Bullies and Victims

What’s Your View? What can and should be done about children’s exposure to violent television programs?

Mental Health Common Emotional Disorders  Disruptive Behavior Disorders  Social Phobia and Other Anxiety Disorders  Childhood Depression

Mental Health Treatment Techniques  individual psychotherapy  family therapy  behavior therapy  play therapy  art therapy  drug therapy

Mental Health Stress and Resilience: Protective Factors  Stresses of Modern Life  Coping with Stress: The Resilient Child

Characteristics of Resilient Children and Adolescents SourceCharacteristic Individual Good intellectual functioning Appealing, sociable, easygoing disposition Self-efficacy, self-confidence, high self-esteem Talents Faith Family Close relationship to caring parent figure Authoritative parenting: warmth, structure, high expectations Socioeconomic advantages Connections to extended supportive family networks Extrafamilial context Bonds to prosocial adults outside the family Connections to prosocial organizations Attending effective schools

Digging Deeper Should Parents Stay Together for the Sake of the Children?

Window on the World Popularity: A Cross-Cultural View